Textile industry effluent treatment

Lopez C, Moreira MT, Feijoo G et al (2007) Technologies for the treatment of effluents from textile industries. Afinidad 64 561-573... 

The widespread use of biphenyl and methyl-substituted biphenyls as dye carriers (qv) in the textile industry has given rise to significant environmental concern because of the amount released to the environment in wastewater effluent. Although biphenyl and simple alkylbiphenyls are themselves biodegradable (48—50), the prospect of their conversion by chlorination to PCBs in the course of wastewater treatment has been a subject of environmental focus (51—53). Despite the fact that the lower chlorinated biphenyls are also fairly biodegradable (49,54,55) continued environmental concern has resulted in decreased use of biphenyl as a dye carrier (see Dyes, environmental chemistry). 

In 1980, approximately 111,000 t of synthetic organic dyestuffs were produced in the United States alone. In addition, another 13,000 t were imported. The largest consumer of these dyes is the textile industry accounting for two-thirds of the market (246). Recent estimates indicate 12% of the synthetic textile dyes used yearly are lost to waste streams during dyestuff manufacturing and textile processing operations. Approximately 20% of these losses enter the environment through effluents from wastewater treatment plants (3). 

Rai HS, Bhattacharyya MS, Singh J et al (2005) Removal of dyes from the effluent of textile and dyestuff manufacturing industry a review of emerging techniques with reference to biological treatment. Crit Rev Env Sci Technol 35 219-238... 

Akmehmet, I. and Arslan, I., Application of photocatalytic oxidation treatment to pretreated and raw effluents from the Kraft bleaching process and textile industrial, Environ. Pollut., 103(2-3), 261-268, 1998. 

While the formed-in-place or dynamic hydrous zirconium oxide membranes on porous stainless steel supports have been studied mostly for biotechnology applications, they have also demonstrated promises for processing the effluents of the textile industry [Neytzell-de-Wilde et al, 1989]. One such application is the treatment of wool scouring effluent. With a TMP of 47 bars and a crossflow velocity of 2 m/s at 60-70°C, the permeate quality was considered acceptable for re-use in the scouring operation. The resulting permeate flux was 30-40 L/hr-m. Another potential application is the removal of dyes. At 45 C, the dynamic membranes achieved a color removal rate of 95% or better and an average permeate flux of 33 L/hr-m under a TMP of 50 bars and a crossflow velocity of 1.5 m/s. 

Flotaiion is a powerful mineral beneficialion tool that has wide potential in effluent treatments in tbe following industries 32 oil industry, engineering industry wastes, dairy wastes, food industry, textile fiber wastes, cellulose fibers, rubber wastes, asbestos wastes, polymeric wastes, paper industry wastes, dyes, electroplating industry, vegetable wastes, poultry processing wastes... 

In the field of environmental applications, several new techniques are being introduced for the treatment of the different types of effluent generated by industrial plants. One of the most stringent environmental regulations is that governing the treatment and release of dye wastewater. It is estimated that about 700,000 tonnes of dye wastewater is produced annually [123,124], the majority of which comes from the textile, tannery, and pulp and paper industries [125]. Typical wastewater is fairly diluted and produced in large quantities, but even at very low concentrations, dye... 

The most frequently applied adsorbent for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewaters is currently activated carbon, which is an expensive material. Mounting apprehension about environmental issues has prompted the textile industry to investigate appropriate and environment-friendly treatment technologies for waste aqueous effluent containing color and heavy metals. Dubey and Rao [24] evaluated a number of alternative and cheaper adsorbents. Results... 

Several reports have appeared in the literature on the photocatalytic treatment of industrial effluents such as textile effluents [82-84], rinse waters of pesticide containers [85], wastewater from a phenohc resin factory [86], distillation effluents from a pharmaceutical company [86], waters that are produced during recovery of natural gas and crude... 

Formuia Al2(OH)nCI, n = 1-5 Uses Coagulant and flocculant for industrial water, wastewater, potable water treatment, sewage/plant effluent treatment, paper processing applies. alum replacement in alkaline papermaking processes fire-resist, ceramic paste binder alumina fiber raw material catalyst raw material textile finishing agent food-contact applies. 

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