Dyeing textile fibers acrylic

Uses. The largest use for sodium thiocyanate is as the 50—60 wt % aqueous solution, as a component of the spinning solvent for acryUc fibers (see Fibers, acrylic Acrylonitrile polymers). Other textile appHcations are as a fiber swelling agent and as a dyeing and printing assist. A newer commercial use for sodium thiocyanate is as an additive to cement in order to impart early strength to concrete (376). 

Random copolymerization of one or more additional monomers into the backbone of PET is a traditional approach to reducing crystallinity slightly (to increase dye uptake in textile fibers) or even to render the copolymer completely amorphous under normal processing and use conditions (to compete with polycarbonate, cellulose propionate and acrylics in clear, injection molded or extruded objects). 

Sulfur dyes are used mainly for dyeing textile cellulosic materials or blends of cellulosic fibers (qv) with synthetic fibers such as acrylic fibers, polyamides (nylons), and polyesters. They are also used for silk (qv) and paper (qv) in limited quantities for specific applications. Solubilized sulfur dyes are used on certain types of leathers (qv). 

Basic (Cationic) Dyes. The use of basic dyes is confined mainly to acrylic textile fibers, acetate, and as complementary dyes for acid-modified polyester libers that accept this class of dyes. 

The world textile industry is one of the largest consumers of dyestuffs. An understanding of the chemistry of textile fibers is necessary to select an appropriate dye from each of the several dye classes so that the textile product requirements for proper shade, fastness, and economics are achieved. The properties of some of the more commercially important natural and synthetic fibers are briefly discussed in this section. The natural fibers may be from plant sources (such as cotton and flax), animal sources (such as wool and silk), or chemically modified natural materials (such as rayon and acetate fibers). The synthetic fibers include nylon, polyester, acrylics, polyolefins, and spindex. The various types of fiber along with the type of dye needed are summarized in Table 8.2. 

CAS 7128-64-5 EINECS/ELINCS 230-426-4 Uses Fluorescent whitener, optical brightener for thermoplastics (PVC, PE, PP, cellulose acetate, PS, PC, acrylics, polyolefins, PU, linear polyester, polyamides), adhesives, coatings, printing inks (for security bonds, bank notes), dyes, textiles (syn. fibers incl. PVC and acetate), molded articles, films, sheets, syn. leather, waxes, fats, and oils tracer in clear coatings... 

Textile Fibers, Dyes, Finishes, and Processes Finishes for Acrylic Fibers... 

Cegarra J., Puente R, VaUdeperas J. (1974), Characteristics of Acrylic Fibers and Kinetics of Dyeing with Catioiuc Dyes Textile Chemist and Colorist, 6, 8,23-7. 

Recently, nitrilases have been applied to polymer modification, specifically to the modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Nearly 3 x 106 tons of PAN are produced per annum and used in the textile industry. However, there is a great need to improve moisture uptake, dyeability with ionic dyes, and feel of this acrylic fiber. The cyano moieties of PAN have been successfully modified to carboxylates with the commercial Cyanovacta nitrilase, thus enhancing the aforementioned properties of PAN [98]. Nitrilase action on the acrylic fabric was improved... 

PAC-CEL Blends are used for household textiles and imitation fur. In these plush and fur materials, the pile consists of PAC fibers while the back is made of cellulose. Furthermore, they are used for leisure wear, sport stockings, drapery, and table linen. The percentage of PAC in the mixtures varies widely. Cationic dyes reserve CEL well, because of their high affinity for acrylics. For a survey of dyeing methods, see [50, pp. 474-476] and [6, pp. 608-610],... 

Pure acrylonitrile may polymerize at room temperature to polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a compound that, unlike polyamides and polyesters, does not melt at elevated temperatures but only softens and finally discolors and decomposes. Nor is it soluble in inexpensive low-boiling organic solvents. Because fibers made from it resist the dyeing operations commonly used in the textile industry, the usual practice is to modify it by copolymerization with other monomers, for example, vinyl acetate, styrene, acrylic esters, acrylamide, or vinyl pyridine in amounts up to 15 percent of the total weight (beyond which the final product may not be termed an acrylic fiber). The choice of modifier depends on the characteristics that a given manufacturer considers important in a fiber, the availability and cost of the raw materials in the manufacturer s particular area of production, and the patent situation. 

Is an aqueous solution of POE (150) dinonylphenol. Textile uses include an emulsifier for flaked biphenyl dye carriers, a detergent component and leveling agent for acid, cationic and premetalized dyeings of wool and acrylic fibers. 

Acrylic fibers are polymers with greater than 85% aerylonitrile content, while those containing 35 to 85% acrylonitrile are known as modaeryhe. Aeryhe fibers eontain minor amounts of other comonomers, usually methyl acrylate, but also methyl methaerylate and vinyl aeetate. These comonomers along with ionic monomers such as sodium styrene sulfonate are ineorporated to enhance dyeability with conventional textile dyes. Modaeryhes usually eontain 20% or more vinyl chloride (or vinylidene chloride) to improve fire retardancy. 

Uses Emulsifier for acrylic, vinyl acetate, and SBR latexes, films textile dyeing assistant flocculant scale inhibitor sludge conditioner dispersant for cosmetics hair fixing agent for polyion complex antistat for paper, fibers, plastics artificial biomembranes photochemical metal plating brightener pharmaceuticals... 

Ammonium persulfate Arsenic trioxide dye, animal Sodium arsenate dye, anodized aluminum Acid violet 49 dye, aq. inks Direct green 1 dye, aq. writing inks Direct blue 1 dye, azoic acetate 2-Methoxy-5-nitroaniline dye, azoic cotton 2-Methoxy-5-nitroaniline dye, azoic nylon 2-Methoxy-5-nitroaniline dye, azoic silk 2-Methoxy-5-nitroaniline dye, basic acrylic fiber Basic blue 9 Basic green 4 dye, basic bast Basic orange 14 dye, basic cotton Basic brown 1 dye, basic leather Basic blue 9 Basic violet 10 dye, basic paper Basic violet 10 dye, basic silk Basic orange 14 dye, basic textiles Basic brown 1 dye, bast... 

In certain cases, identifying the specific garment or textile product and the allergen it contains will be an important undertaking. The fiber content of the fabric will narrow the possible dyes, as certain dyes are used to color certain fibers. Cotton, rayon, and linen fabrics are dyed with direct, fiber-reactive, mordant, azoic, sulfur, and vat dyes. Wool fabrics are dyed with acid, mordant, and fiber-reactive dyes. Polyester fabrics are dyed with disperse dyes unless the polyester is modified to accept basic dyes. Nylon fabrics are colored with acid and disperse dyes unless modified to accept basic dyes. Acrylic fabrics are dyed with basic and disperse dyes. Acetate fabrics are dyed with disperse dyes. Other synthetic fibers are dyed with disperse dyes. 

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