Household textiles

Textiles are among the most ubiquitous materials ia society. They provide shelter and protection from the environment ia the form of apparel, as weU as comfort and decoration ia the form of household textiles such as sheets, upholstery, carpeting, drapery, and wall coveting, and they serve a variety of iadustrial functions, eg, as tire reinforcement, tenting, filter media, conveyor belts, iasulation, and reinforcement media ia various composite materials. 

Fatty acid diethanolamides (FADAs) are used in certain household textile washing and hand dish-washing formulations. The presence of coconut diethanolamides (CDEAs) with an alkyl chain between 7 and 15 C units has been reported in municipal wastewaters in Germany at levels of 111—124 i,g L 1 [31] in influent and 14 i,gL 1 in effluent indicating approximately 90% elimination, while the monitoring of CDEAs in a Swedish WWTP indicated significantly lower removal (about 40%). Other studies [8,29,32,33] reported levels up to 470 xg L-1 in raw influents (Table 6.1.7). Very low concentrations found in effluents indicate efficient elimination (>96%), whereas nothing is known about the formation of persistent metabolites. 

Disperseand Reactive Dyes (see also Section 4.2.2). Reactive dyes are often used to dye the cellulose portion of PES-CEL blends because the coloring possibilities of reactive dyes are especially diverse, and a large number of relatively easy application processes produce dyeings that are sufficiently fast for the clothing sector and, frequently, for household textiles. 

The main advantages of acrylic fibers are their similarity to wool in feel, heat retention, and processing, as well as good dyeability. In Western Europe and the United States, ca. 60% are used for clothes and 30% for household textiles. 

PAC-CEL Blends are used for household textiles and imitation fur. In these plush and fur materials, the pile consists of PAC fibers while the back is made of cellulose. Furthermore, they are used for leisure wear, sport stockings, drapery, and table linen. The percentage of PAC in the mixtures varies widely. Cationic dyes reserve CEL well, because of their high affinity for acrylics. For a survey of dyeing methods, see [50, pp. 474-476] and [6, pp. 608-610],... 

Household textiles such as bed linens or towels can occur at a crime scene— for instance, a body bundle wrapped in a cotton-polyester duvet cover and deposited in a wood (see case study in Section 7.4.6.1). Biodegradation of the duvet cover will depend on a number of factors including the surface the bundle is placed on, the composition of the fabric, the degree of deterioration of fabric prior to deposition, and whether body decomposition products have access to the textile. 

Table 7.12 Some Typical Fabric Compositions of Household Textiles...

High permanence for washing and dry cleaning for garments and most household textiles... 

Lauridit . [AkzoBV] Fatty acid alka-nolamides detergent, emulsifier for cosmetic, household, textile ai cs. corrosion inhibitor for cutting oils. 

Hetoxide. Heterene] Edioxylates emulsifier, emollient, vise, control tgent, lubricant, dispersant, perfume solubilizer for cosmetics, household, textile industry, metal treating and plating intermediate. 

Uses Detergent, dispersant, wetting agent, stabilizer for laundry, household, textile, Iwd-surface detergents, cosmetics, insecticides, paper, petrol., paints... 

Uses Detergent, emulsifier, dispersant, wetting agent, stabilizer for laundry, household, textiles, hard-surface detergents, cosmetics, insecticides, paper, petroleum, paints food-contact coatings, paper, cellophane emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles defoamer in food-contact coatings Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aidrich.com] DelCon http //www.seabrook-usa.com... 

Toxicology Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes mildly toxic by ingestion human skin irritant TSCA listed Uses Detergent, emulsifier, lubricant, antistat for cosmetics, household, textile applies. ... 

Flammability tests for textile goods do not involve any distinction between natural and synthetic materials. The selection of a test method is influenced rather by the field of application such as garments, household textiles (curtains, carpets, furniture covers, bedding), industrial protective clothing, etc. 

Test methods covered in this Section concern woven, knitted or felted products of the textile industry and apply to clothing and movable household textile (e.g. curtains). The flammability of textile-based floor coverings is also included. Textiles in furniture are covered in Section 3.2.1.3 while those in vehicles are dealt with in Section 3.2.4. 

Household textiles must be stain resistant and be able to withstand repeated washings without substantial degradation. Latexes are used as binders to lock the interwoven threads together and coat them with a thin protective layer. The water-repellence of the fabric is improved by the hydrophobicity of the latex binder. 

Producers use reclaimed fibres for a number of reasons They are low cost. Sometimes, chemical fibres are not available. Raw materials and waste disposal are becoming more and more expensive. Ecological aspects, too, play an ever more important role. It is in this context that, looking for suitable raw materials to make reclaimed fibres, household textile waste as well as industrial waste should receive more attention. 

Modern materials include a vast array of polymers and plastics which are found in applications such as housing, appliances, clothing and household textiles and automotive and aerospace industries. Thus research scientists, engineers and materials science graduate students need to be aware of the methods and techniques required to understand the structure-property relations of pol3mier materials. This book will review the field of the microscopy of polymers. There is a vast literature which describes the research results obtained by study of polymer materials using microscopy and other complementary analytical techniques and such studies are best left to journals on specific topics. 

To satisfy the household textile and apparel markets, PP offers a variety of very useful chemical and physical apparel properties which, along with its cost-effectiveness, make it a most suitable and attractive choice for the designer of new products. 

Uses Emollient, emulsifier, solubilizer, pigment dispersant, detergent used in cosmetics, household, textile industry antistat conditioner Properties Gardner 5 max. liq. sol. in IPA, min. oil disp. in water HLB 6.0 acid no. 2 max. sapon. no. 120-136 Hetoxide C-15 [Global-Seven]... 

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