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Divergences

In the highly nonlinear equilibrium situations characteristic of liquid separations, the use of priori initial estimates of phase compositions that are not very close to the true compositions of these phases can lead to divergence of iterative computations or to spurious convergence upon feed composition. [Pg.128]

Second card FORMAT(8F10.2), control variables for the regression. This program uses a Newton-Raphson type iteration which is susceptible to convergence problems with poor initial parameter estimates. Therefore, several features are implemented which help control oscillations, prevent divergence, and determine when convergence has been achieved. These features are controlled by the parameters on this card. The default values are the result of considerable experience and are adequate for the majority of situations. However, convergence may be enhanced in some cases with user supplied values. [Pg.222]

Often the divergence in costs shown in Figure 14.11 does occur, and must be managed. The objective is to maintain production in a safe and environmentally responsible manner, while trying to contain or reduce costs. The approach to managing this problem is through reviewing... [Pg.345]

In Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor at the expense of use 2D matrix of detectors there was the opportunity to use a divergent cone beam of source emission. This system had a number of lacks. In particular the number of projections is rigidly limited by the number of x-ray sources. The dispersion of source emission results in errors of data collected.. However the system confirmed basic advantages of application of conic beams and 2D matrices of detectors for collecting information about 3D object. [Pg.217]

The divergent shape of the beam provides facilities for magnification in the distances of the source to detector and of the sources to the axis of rotation, which used in conjunction with a microfocus x-ray source opens the way to high resolution. [Pg.217]

Grangeat P. Description of a 3-D reconstruction algorithm for diverging X-ray beam., Radiol. Soc. North. America Conf Proc., Nov.1985. [Pg.220]

In traditional Fan-Beam CT the radiation emitted from the X-ray tube is collimated to a planar fan, and so most of the intensity is wasted in the collimator blades (Fig. 2a). Cone-Beam CT, where the X-rays not only diverge in the horizontal, but also in the vertical direction, allows to use nearly the whole emitted beam-profile and so makes best use of the available LINAC photon flux (Fig. 2b). So fast scanning of the samples three-dimensional structure is possible. For Cone-Beam 3D-reconstruction special algorithms, taking in consideration the vertical beam divergence of the rays, were developed. [Pg.493]

The divergence factor (DF) introduced by the asymptotic expansion, accounts for the deformation of the refracted wavefront (initially spherical in the coupling medium). It ensures, under the GO approximation, the energy conservation of a ray-pencil propagating... [Pg.736]

The ability to image lateral heterogeneity in Langmuir monolayers dates back to Zocher and Stiebel s 1930 study with divergent light illumination [166]. More recently the focus shifted toward the use of fluorescence microscopy of mono-layers containing a small amount of fluorescent dye [167]. Even in single-corn-... [Pg.128]

The mathematics is completed by one additional theorem relating the divergence of the gradient of the electrical potential at a given point to the charge density at that point through Poisson s equation... [Pg.170]

The density of states for a one-dimensional system diverges as 0. This divergence of D E) is not a serious issue as the integral of the density of states remains finite. In tliree dimensions, it is straightforward to show that... [Pg.93]

Dalgarno A and Lewis J T 1956 The representation of long-range forces by series expansions. I. The divergence of the series Proc. Phys. Soc. A 69 57... [Pg.210]

This is known as the Stefan-Boltzmaim law of radiation. If in this calculation of total energy U one uses the classical equipartition result = k T, one encounters the integral f da 03 which is infinite. This divergence, which is the Rayleigh-Jeans result, was one of the historical results which collectively led to the inevitability of a quantum hypothesis. This divergence is also the cause of the infinite emissivity prediction for a black body according to classical mechanics. [Pg.410]

This leads to the third virial coefficient for hard spheres. In general, the nth virial coefficient of pairwise additive potentials is related to the coefficient7) in the expansion of g(r), except for Coulombic systems for which the virial coefficients diverge and special teclmiques are necessary to resiim the series. [Pg.469]

The divergence m the correlation length is characterized by the critical exponent v defined by... [Pg.476]

This equation is analogous to the compressibility equation for fluids and diverges with the same exponent y as the critical temperaUire is approached from above ... [Pg.522]

The correlation length C = T -T diverges with the exponent v. Assuming that when T>T the site... [Pg.522]


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Alternative method of estimating divergence ratio

American and British Responses Diverge

Amino acid sequence divergence rate

Angle of divergence

Angular divergence and collimation

Arm-First Divergent Iterative Methodology

Assumed divergence ratio

Axial divergence

Beam divergence

Capillary Converging diverging

Capillary-wave divergences

Catalytic sites divergence

Channel converging-diverging

Colliding Diverging PBX-9502 Detonations

Comb Stars by the Divergent Approach

Compressible flow convergent/divergent nozzles

Condition-based divergence

Convergent and divergent strategies

Convergent-divergent nozzle

Converging and Diverging Compression

Converging-diverging nozzle

Converging-diverging steam jet

Cooling diverging

Core-First Divergent Iterative Methodology

Critical Divergence and Exponents

Critical point divergences

DIVERSITY-ORIENTED SYNTHESIS OF PRIVILEGED HETEROCYCLES USING DIVERGENT STRATEGY

Dendrimer divergent growth

Dendrimer divergent synthetic approach

Dendrimer synthesis divergent approach

Dendrimers divergent

Dendrimers divergent approach

Dendrimers divergent growth approach

Dendrimers divergent method

Dendrimers divergent synthesis

Dendritic molecule divergent synthesis

Derivatives divergence

Differentiability divergence

Diffraction limited divergence

Displacements, logarithmic divergence

Diverge

Divergence 0 electrodynamics, quantum

Divergence Helmholtz

Divergence angle

Divergence average theorem

Divergence capacitance

Divergence capacity

Divergence charge

Divergence charge density

Divergence coordinates

Divergence current

Divergence electrodes

Divergence estimates

Divergence free

Divergence mobility

Divergence of a Tensor

Divergence of a Vector

Divergence of a Vector Field

Divergence of the structure function observations by light scattering

Divergence operator

Divergence oscillating

Divergence pretransitional

Divergence protein evolution

Divergence rotational viscosity

Divergence schematic

Divergence shear viscosity

Divergence slit

Divergence slit selection

Divergence slit variable

Divergence spatial

Divergence temperature

Divergence temperature, dimers

Divergence thickness

Divergence time analyses

Divergence time estimates

Divergence time value, mode

Divergence times

Divergence vacancies

Divergence, atmospheric

Divergence, definition

Divergence, monotonic

Divergence, of flux

Divergence, of vector

Divergencies

Divergencies

Divergent

Divergent

Divergent Growth

Divergent Light

Divergent Procedures

Divergent RRM Using Two Chiral Reagents Parallel Kinetic Resolution (PKR)

Divergent RRM Using a Single Chiral Reagent Ketone Reduction

Divergent approach

Divergent chiral compounds

Divergent dendrimer

Divergent dendrimer synthesis

Divergent dendritic construction

Divergent enolase

Divergent evolution

Divergent flow

Divergent flow 0, defined

Divergent function

Divergent growth method

Divergent ketone reduction

Divergent methods

Divergent nozzle

Divergent oxidative conditions

Divergent parallel kinetic resolution

Divergent part

Divergent plate boundaries

Divergent process

Divergent protein homologs

Divergent reactions of a racemic mixture

Divergent resolution

Divergent section

Divergent series

Divergent strategy

Divergent synthesi

Divergent synthesis

Divergent synthetic approach

Divergent synthetic approach, dendrimers

Divergent total synthesis

Divergent transformation

Divergent validity

Divergent, chemicals component

Divergent-growth synthesis

Divergent-growth synthesis development

Divergent/convergent

Divergent/convergent synthesis

Diverging Scan Chains

Diverging beam

Diverging compression

Diverging correlation length

Diverging length scale

Diverging material flow

Diverging scan

Diverging steam jet

Effect of beam divergence

Elastic constants critical divergence

Electromagnetic theory field divergence

Elimination of short range divergences for a chain with two-body interactions

Evolution divergence

Evolution divergent phase

Evolutionary divergences

Evolutionary factors divergence

Function divergence

Functional Divergence

Functional groups divergent

Gauss divergence theorem

Gradient of the divergence

Harmonic beam divergence

Heat capacity critical point divergence

Heat capacity divergence

Improper integral divergence

Infrared divergence

Interface divergence

Interpreting the experimental results for convergent-divergent nozzles

Isothermal compressibility divergence

Keenans method of estimating divergence ratio

Kinetic divergent

Kullback-Leibler divergence (

Logarithmic divergence

Maximum-allowed divergence

Mechanistic divergence

Molecular divergence

Morphological divergence

Nominal divergence ratio

Nonzero divergence

Nonzero divergence application

Nonzero divergence present theory

Nozzle divergent part

Nozzles converging/diverging, flow

Nuclear magnetic resonance divergency

Physical divergence ratio

Pressure converging/diverging nozzles

Proteins divergence times, calculation

Real yields divergence

Retonation Caused by the Reflection of Divergent Waves

Retonation caused by the reflection of divergent

Sequence divergence

Series divergence

Short-range divergences in diagrams and dimensional regularization

Signaling pathway divergent

Species divergence

Structural divergence, measure

Surface divergence theorem

Synthesis - Divergent and Convergent Methods

Synthetic strategies divergent

THE TRIGGER PATHWAYS ARE DIVERGENT

Tests for Convergence and Divergence

Texture divergent

The Divergence Design Criterion

The convergent-divergent nozzle

The welfare state perspective Convergence and divergence across countries

Theorem Divergence

Trajectory exponential divergence

Two-dimensional divergence

Ultraviolet divergence

Ultraviolet divergencies regularization and renormalization

Ultraviolet divergency

Vanishing electric field divergence

Vector differentiation divergence

Venturi with 15° divergent angle

Vertical divergence

Viscosity coefficients divergence

Whole divergence

Zero divergence

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