Divergence mobility

If there are no reactions, the conservation of the total quantity of each species dictates that the time dependence of is given by minus the divergence of the flux ps vs), where (vs) is the drift velocity of the species s. The latter is proportional to the average force acting locally on species s, which is the thermodynamic force, equal to minus the gradient of the thermodynamic potential. In the local coupling approximation the mobility appears as a proportionality constant M. For spontaneous processes near equilibrium it is important that a noise term T] t) is retained [146]. Thus dynamic equations of the form... 

There are a number of possible locations within the cell wall for the pectin further away from cellulose. If there are covalent links between pectins and xyloglucans (16), then pectic chain segments close to these links would appear in the region sharing the same mean mobility characteristics as cellulose. The majority of the pectic molecule, diverging from the microfibrils would appear in the region with greater mean mobility. 

C) their relative adsorptivities will converge and that as the temperature increases, their relative adsorptivities will diverge as butylate becomes more strongly adsorbed and alachlor and meto-lachlor become less strongly adsorbed. This result should translate into a reduction of leaching of butylate (compared to alachlor and metolachlor) as the temperature of the soil system is raised. Thus, the effect of temperature can be handled by an environmental model for soil mobility by including the heat of adsorption of the pesticide. 

Figure 67 shows Q QVQ2 vs. Q for both systems. As expected from Eqs. (142) and (143) their behavior is completely different. One can see that a pronounced divergency occurs at small Q-values in the semi-dilute block copolymer solution. If Qi(Q)/Q2 is analyzed in terms of a generalized mobility ji(Q) [see Eq. (94)], Fig. 68 results from the different concentrations of the diblock copolymer solution. Q(Q) varies both with Q and with c. In particular, the Q-dependence is indicative of the non-local character of the mobility and incompatible with the assumption of a pure Rouse type of dynamics. The... 

Nojiri H, Shintani M, Omori T (2004) Divergence of mobile genetic elements involved in the distribution of xenobiotic-catabolic capacity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 64 154-174... 

In the traditional interpretation of the Fangevin equation for a constrained system, the overall drift velocity is insensitive to the presence or absence of hard components of the random forces, since these components are instantaneously canceled in the underlying ODF by constraint forces. This insensitivity to the presence of hard forces is obtained, however, only if both the projected divergence of the mobility and the force bias are retained in the expression for the drift velocity. The drift velocity for a kinetic interpretation of a constrained Langevin equation does not contain a force bias, and does depend on statistical properties of the hard random force components. Both Fixman and Hinch nominally considered the traditional interpretation of the Langevin equation for the Cartesian bead coordinates as a limit of an ordinary differential equation. Both authors, however, neglected the possible existence of a bias in the Cartesian random forces. As a result, both obtained a drift velocity that (after correcting the error in Fixman s expression for the pseudoforce) is actually the appropriate expression for a kinetic interpretation. 

In conclusion, large divergence does exist in the behavior of small and large (chain) molecules in the chromatographic systems. These are farther angmented or suppressed by distinctions in the viscosity and mobility (diffnsibility) of solntes with different sizes. It is necessary to consider these differences in order to devise the appropriate HPLC system for successful HPLC separation of macromolecules. 

The divergence of plastic metabolism between mobile and sluggish fish can also be found in other animals, including marine invertebrates, with similar structural-metabolic changes underlying it. A comparison between large taxa of molluscs, cephalopods and lamellibranchs, in particular, reveals that their content of docosohexaenoic acid is directly proportional to their degree of mobility. 

While an F increase (Fig. 3) may also be caused by dipoles which become mobile and reorient in the externally applied electric field, the CDA response to dipoles must be invariant towards the change of polarity. The remarkable divergence between the F 1/2 vs. U plots and their different slopes (Fig. 4a/b) suggest that the F increase above 450°C is due to charge carriers which satisfy the following four criteria ... 

Since then, however, it has been shown that the value of S does vary systematically with the retention behaviour of the solute [322,333]. If binary mixtures of water and methanol are used as the mobile phase, S tends to increase with an increase in the absolute retention. This is illustrated by the diverging set of lines in figure 3.14. ... 

Figure 3.14 Variation of retention with the binary mobile phase composition for methanol-water mixtures on an ODS column. Solutes naphthalene ( ), anisole (o) and phenol (x). Thin lines eqn. (3.38) for k< 50 thick lines eqn.(3.45) for 1 < fc<10. The diverging straight lines suggest an increase of the slope parameter S (eqn.3.45) with increasing capacity factors Figure taken from ref. [322]. Reprinted with permission.

First, through conductivity. An applied electric field creates an electric current in a salt solution. Formally, a conductivity a appears in the form that varies with frequency as ia/[to 1 -icor)] in the dielectric permittivity e(o>). In the limit of low frequency, cot - 0, this diverges as (icr/co). In that limit, a conducting material begins to appear as an infinitely polarizable medium, its mobile charges able to move indefinitely long distances. 

The number of water molecules bound by an ion, the hydration number, is not at all well defined. Also according to different methods e.g. transference, mobility, entropy, volume change on solution, specific heat etc. diverging results are obtained. 

---