Divergent Light

When /9 is the angle of inclination to the interferometer axis inside the FPI, the transmitted intensity is maximum, according to (4.59), for 

Subtracting the second equation from the first one yields 

The excess t 1, also called fractional interference order, can be obtained from a comparison of (4.62a and b) as 

A linear fit of the squares Dp2 of the measured ring diameters versus the ring number P yields the excess e and therefore from (4.63b) the wavelength A, provided the refractive index n and the value of d is known from a previous calibration of the interferometer. However, the wavelength is 

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The ability to image lateral heterogeneity in Langmuir monolayers dates back to Zocher and Stiebel s 1930 study with divergent light illumination [166]. More recently the focus shifted toward the use of fluorescence microscopy of mono-layers containing a small amount of fluorescent dye [167]. Even in single-corn-... 

Nonhomogeneous spatial distribution of the sensitivity over the detector surface causes geometric problems when broad or diverging light beams are examined. 

The trapped cells are fixed within the gap and the divergent light in the gap is able to excite Raman or fluorescent signal for related spectroscopy system which can provide important diagnostic information from the trapped cell. 

Lens—A curved piece of optically transparent material that, depending on its shape, is used to either converge or diverge light. 

Figure 7 Conventional ICP baoksoattering arrangement with a Lyot depolarizer in divergent light. Filling the etendue of a spectrograph requires a fibre optics cross-section transformer as used in the original design.

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