Divergence capacitance

It follows from the calculations (Figs. 34 and 35) that at low frequencies, a divergence arises in the effective dielectric constant and in the effective conductivity (a sharp increase in losses). This is explained by the fact that finite clusters of the metallic phase now arise in the system which are separated by thin insulating interlayers. Such structures form a hierarchical self-similar chaotic capacitance net that generates a system of resonance frequencies. 

It is well known that experimental CVs for species in solution phase frequently diverge from theoretical ones for -electron reversible couples. The divergence can be caused by a variety of factors deviations from reversibility, occurrence of coupled chemical reactions and/or surface effects, and resistive and capacitive effects (Nicholson and Shain, 1964 Nicholson, 1965a). These last effects will be briefly treated here because of their potential significance when microheterogenous deposits or more or less homogeneous coatings of microporous materials cover the electrode surface. 

If the externally seen series capacitance Csext is calculated, it is the series coupling of the two capacitances Ci and C2 at high frequencies, but at low frequency, the value of Csext diverges and become infinite. 

The series capacitance Cs diverges toward infinite capacitance values at low frequencies. This will, for instance, be experienced with a measuring bridge if an unknown parallel combination is to be zeroed by a series combination in the balancing arm (Section 8.3.6). 

---