Spatial divergence

Examples of ditopic and tetratopic macrocycles have been described by Stang and coworkers by combining the calixarene chemistry with the metal-directed self-assembly of molecular squares [61]. In this case the calixarene units coordinate to the Pt through their P(Ph)2 ligands at the lower rim and assume a diverging spatial orientation in the macrocycle. These calixarene metallamacrocycles are used in transport experiments to carry sulfonate salts from one aqueous phase into another through chloroform. 

In Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor at the expense of use 2D matrix of detectors there was the opportunity to use a divergent cone beam of source emission. This system had a number of lacks. In particular the number of projections is rigidly limited by the number of x-ray sources. The dispersion of source emission results in errors of data collected.. However the system confirmed basic advantages of application of conic beams and 2D matrices of detectors for collecting information about 3D object. 

Convergence occurs when the axon terminals of many presynaptic neurons all synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron. As discussed previously, spatial summation of nerve impulses relies on the presence of convergence. Divergence occurs when the axon of a single presynaptic neuron branches and synapses with multiple postsynaptic neurons. In this way, activity in a... 

Figure 2.4 shows the elements of a high resolution diffractometer. The beam conditioner controls the divergence and wavelength spread of the beam by a combination of diffracting elements and angular-limiting apertures. The latter may also control the spatial width of the beam. This falls upon a specimen,... 

The detailed analysis of DNA structure in the region of contact with the binding protein often displays distinct divergence from the parameters of classical B-DNA structure. The specific sequence-determined conformation of the DNA is often a prerequisite for a specific recognition. This recognition mechanism is, for example, realized with the Trp-repressor, where the sequence determines a certain spatial arrangement of the... 

In the vicinity of bifurcation points, fluctuations play an important role. A stochastic analysis 1 3 reveals that as the instability is approached from below, the system develops long-range spatial correlations and a concomitant divergence of the variance of fluctuations. The calculation of the divergence exponents indicates classical values in the presence of fluctuations varying in the hydrodynamic range.4 For spatial fluctuations of shorter range the problem remains open. 

The correlation length corresponds to the spatial extent of the restoring force originating from an ordered region. When the temperature approaches the critical temperature Ttr, the restoring force vanishes. This can be formalized by letting diverge as... 

Equations (7.3.23) and (7.3.24) actually imply that one- and two-dimensional cases actually exhibit already macroscopic separation of the system into regions consisting of only A particles and only B particles. This is also confirmed by the fact that the integral over the spectrum of spatial fluctuations diverges in the cases at small k. On the other hand, to find the aggregation of particles in numerical experiments in the f/iree-dimensional case we must treat the deviations from the Poisson distribution in large volumes. More detailed field-theoretical formalism has confirmed this conclusion [15]. 

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