Divergent validity

The construct validity of a scale is usually evaluated witir tests of convergent and divergent validity. Convergent validity refers to tire extent that other measures of the same construct (for example, a visual estimate of weight) relate to each other. Divergent validity indicates tire extent that scores from surveys unrelated to the construct do not correlate with survey scores related to the construct. In other words, divergent validity implies the extent a particular questionnaire measures special characteristics not measured by other scales. 

Hence, in the limit A->0, the differential cross-section diverges. This is due to the long range character of the Coulomb field, which entails that the expansion (10-259) of KA does not converge. Alternatively, the asymptotic condition is not valid in this case. 

An important step is to validate the structure, that is, to compare features of the structure to features in known protein structures. This includes localized fit to density, hydrogen bonding patterns, divergence from standard geometry, and much more [12]. Such calculations can highlight where the model requires further improvement. 

This time t a actually is the maximum time for which Eq. [48] is valid, to structural relaxation. Typical a time scales diverge as... 

Before there can be any extrapolation there must be confidence in the model or rules being used. In practice this often has to involve an element of faith because of lack of validation data, particularly where the rule is empirical. The theory or model should be no more complex than is necessary to fit the data. The accuracy of fit to, for example, a creep curve can often be made more precise by applying ever higher order polynomial expressions, but outside the range of points these functions diverge rapidly to infinity (or minus infinity) leading to predictions that are ridiculous. 

In the practical world, results not only need to be reproducible but also transferable. This requirement helps assure that differences in apparatus for the purpose of automation do not interfere with the method and demands a validation to demonstrate equivalency. Designs which diverge from the strict USP and industry convention run the risk of developing a system that cannot be validated at the specific method level. The authors have personally observed cases where extremely subtle changes in apparatus resulted in a failure to demonstrate suitability. 

The CIEEL mechanism has been utilized to explain the catalyzed decomposition of several cyclic and linear peroxides, including diphenoyl peroxide (4), peroxyesters and 1,2-dioxetanones. Special interest has focused on this mechanism when it was utilized to explain the efficient excited state formation in the chemiexcitation step of the firefly s luciferin/luciferase bio luminescence. However, doubts have been voiced more recently about the validity of this mechanistic scheme, due to divergences about the... 

It is not possible to understand the nature of the divergence just by doing a self-consistent calculation since that implies an infinite loop calculation. An alternative way is to make an ansatz for [Pg.134]

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