Divergence schematic

Figure 10-15. Output vs. input energy characteristic of our laser device. The horizontal dashed curve indicates the zero line. A clear laser threshold behavior at an excitation pulse energy ol 1.5 nJ is observed. Below the lasing threshold only isotropic phololuminesccncc is entitled. Above threshold the device emits low divergence single mode laser emission perpendicular to the surface, as schematically shown in the inset. The laser light is polarized parallel to the grating lines.

Figure 5.11 Schematic of the single-channel chip micro reactor. Divergent inlet channels (A) secondary inlet channel (B) serpentine irradiation channel (center) outlet channel (Q [21. ...

FIGURE 5.40 Schematic of the dendritic architecture of a neuron. The electrical signal is transferred in a convergent manner from the dendrites toward the axon, where it diverges to the synaptic terminals. 

Fig. 3. Schematic of Chambon-Winter gel spectrum. The longest relaxation time diverges to infinity. The relaxation time X0 marks the crossover to the short-time behavior, which depends on the material. The depicted case corresponds to a low-molecular-weight precursor (crossover to glass transition region)...

Fig. 4. Schematic of the divergence of the longest relaxation time as the liquid-solid transition is approached from either side...

Fig. 5. Schematic of the divergence of zero-shear viscosity, rj0, and equilibrium modulus, Ge. The LST is marked by pc...

Figure 1. Schematic outline of the iterative divergent/ convergent approach to molecular length doubling.

Figure 5 Schematics of dendrimer growth by the divergent and the convergent methods...

Figure 8. (a) Schematic representation of the divergent bi-directional progression of the two... 

The divergent method is illustrated in Fig. 2-22 for the synthesis of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers [Tomalia et al., 1990]. A repetitive sequence of two reactions are used—the Michael addition of an amine to an a,P-unsaturated ester followed by nucleophilic substitution of ester by amine. Ammonia is the starting core molecule. The first step involves reaction of ammonia with excess methyl acrylate (MA) to form LXIII followed by reaction with excess ethylenediamine (EDA) to yield LXIV. LXV is a schematic representation of the dendrimer formed after four more repetitive sequences of MA and EDA. 

The divergent synthetic approach is schematically summarized in Figure 7. Reaction of the mononuclear complex-ligand tRu(2,3-dpp)j] with the complex-metal [Ru(2,3-Medpp)2Cl2] in a 1 3 molecular ratio leads to a tetranuclear complex (first dendrimer generation) which in its peiipheiy contains six protected chelating sites. Demethylation of this species restores its ligand ability and yields... 

The optical scheme of holographic lithography is schematically illustrated in Fig. 4. The beam of the same laser system as used for DLW recording passes through a diffractive optical element (DOE), where it is spht into a set of diverging multiple beamlets by diffraction. The set of beamlets is subsequently colhmated by a lens, and passed through the transmission mask, which selects... 

Figure 5.1 Schematization of the divergent synthetic approach to buildup dendrimers.

Scheme 11 Schematic Comparison of Divergent (A) and Convergent (B) Syntheses A...

D) Three Stage Divergent Fig 1 Sound Suppressors (Schematics)... 

Scheme 3.1. Left Schematic representation of a divergent 1-CR and 2-CR and a convergent 2-CR and a highly convergent MCR. Right A prototype MCR is the formation of adenosine from 6 molecules of hydrocyanic acid, probably of major importance in the beginning of life.

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