Pasting container

In the paste coating method, a PVC paste, which contains emulsion-polymerized PVC and additives, is appHed onto a substrate and heated to gelation before fusion to produce a coating layer. This method is employed for products with a thin layer, ie, of 0.007—0.05 mm thickness. For foamed vinyl-coated fabrics, a substrate is laminated onto a transfer paper on which a PVC paste containing a foam-blowing agent has been appHed and geUed. After removal of the transfer paper, the paste is blown. 

Paste rosin sizes are supplied as viscous pastes containing 60—80% solids. These sizes may contain unmodified or fortified rosin that has reacted (ie, been fortified) with either maleic anhydride [108-31-6] or fumaric acid [110-17-8] (see Fig. 3). In either case, the unmodified or fortified rosin is treated with aqueous alkaH so that the degree of neutralization, ie, saponification, varies from 75—100% depending on the physical state desired for the commercial product. Before use, the paste size must be converted to a stable, dilute rosin size emulsion by careful sequential dilution with warm water foUowed by cold water, with good agitation. 

The starting amino acid for nylon-11 is produced from methyl ricinoleate [141 -24-2] which is obtained from castor oil (qv). The methyl ricinoleate is pyrolized to methyl 10-undecylenate [25339-67-7] and heptanal [111-71-7]. The unsaturated ester is hydroly2ed and then converted to the amino acid by hydrobromination, followed by ammoniation and acidification. The CO-amino acid product is a soft paste containing water, which is dried in the first step of the polymeri2ation process. 

Plume Containment. WeUs can be placed at a contaminated site to prevent the contamination from spreading further or migrating offsite. In the past, containment efforts often reHed on physical methods such as bentonite slurry trenches, grout curtains, sheet pilings, weU points, and fixative injections. Containment by judiciously placed weUs generally costs less, takes less time to install, and is more flexible because pumping rates and locations can be varied. 

Acid dyes can be ptinted on acetate, produciag prints with very good wetfastness and exceptional brightness. The print paste contains a solvent, urea, and ammonium thiocyanate, as a fiber swelling agent to aid ia diffusion of the dye. Again, fixation and scouting foUow the procedures for polyamide. 

Coal is fed as a paste containing 25 wt % water, and sorbent is fed diy by a lock-hopper system with pneumatic conveying. The top size of each feedstock is 3 mm in). The latent heat lost evaporating the water fed with the paste is compensated by increased gas turbine power output resulting from the increased flue-gas mass flow rate. For the 80-MWe unit, there are six coal feed points (one per 4.5 m" [48 ft"]) and four sorbent feed points (one per 6.7 m" [72 ft"]), all entering beneath the tube bank along one wall. The bed depth is... 

Still another use of EDTA is in the field of art restoration. Figure C shows before and after" photographs of Rodin s bronze sculpture The Thinker." This stood in front of the Philadelphia Rodin Museum for about 60 years prior to its restoration in 1992. Over time the sculpture had picked up a thick coating of insoluble CuS04 3Cu(OH)2(s). Application of a wet paste containing EDTA dissolved the coating by forming the soluble Cu(EDTA)2 complex. 

Another important primary battery is the mercury cell. It usually comes in very small sizes and is used in hearing aids, watches, cameras, and some calculators. The anode of this cell is a zinc-mercury amalgam the reacting species is zinc. The cathode is a plate made up of mercury(II) oxide, HgO. The electrolyte is a paste containing HgO and sodium or potassium hydroxide. The electrode reactions are... 

Evaporation of a chloroform solution of benzoylhydroperoxide under reduced pressure yields a paste containing 20-30 per cent of hydroperoxide. On further evaporation this decomposes into benzoic acid. A chloroform solution of benzoylhydroperoxide when carefully dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate at o° may be kept exposed to light at room temperature for a number of days without appreciable decomposition. In order to obtain benzoylhydroperoxide free from the reagents used in its preparation, it is necessary to extract the product with chloroform, such extraction resulting in a loss of about 10 per cent,... 

At the end of the mixing process, the paste contains about 10wt% of metallic lead and about 50vol.% of water. The water is evaporated during the subsequent production steps, and the resulting void space represents the pore volume of the dried active material. 

It is well known, that under industrial conditions a method of introducing filler into the polymer mixture is used. In this case, the filler is introduced in the form of paste containing up to 60 per cent water in order to reduce viscosity, As heating is affected by viscous friction, the temperature conditions are not stable on mixing and, therefore, conductivity of the conducting polymer composite becomes unreproducible. Up to now this factor has not been taken into consideration. 

Commercial dried blood corpuscle paste obtained from Armour and Company, Chicago, was used in this preparation. This paste contains about 15 per cent of moisture and ash, and 200 g. contains about the same amount of crude protein as 11. of fresh beef blood (170 g. protein per liter). 

The alkanesulfonate melt is treated with 4 bar of water to give a paste containing 60% active matter (12) or pelletized by means of a cooling conveyor with a special feeding device (not shown in Fig. 2). The solid product is composed of 93 wt % of alkanesulfonate, 6 of sodium sulfate, and 1 of paraffin. 

Newer secondary recovery plants use lead paste desulfurization to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions and waste sludge generation during smelting. Battery paste containing lead sulfate and lead oxide is desulfurized with soda ash to produce market-grade sodium sulfate solution. The desulfurized paste is processed in a reverberatory furnace. The lead carbonate product may then be treated in a short rotary furnace. The battery grids and posts are processed separately in a rotary smelter. 

From the results obtained in this study [205], it was concluded that the catalyst prepared by extrusion of a paste containing the TiOz precursor together with natural silicates, is more active in the photocatalytic mineralization of organic compounds than the coated film. 

Paints behave similarly. Fig. 68 illustrates the color shifts which are observed in Pigment Yellow 1 pastes containing different particle size distributions (Sec. 1.7.1). The colors are identified according to their location on the DIN Color Chart, in which each color is defined by two values, x and y [4]. Increasing amounts of pig-... 

It was found that the method is suitable for the extraction of 8.6mg of lycopene (RP-HPLC purity 98.5 per cent) from lOQmg of crude extract of tomato paste containing about 9 per cent of lycopene. The technique has been proposed for the preparative separation of lycopene from tomato paste [38],... 

McGovern et al.26 analyzed the expression of heterologous proteins in E. coli via pyrolysis mass spectrometry and FT-IR. The application was to a2-interferon production. To analyze the data, artificial neural networks (ANN) and PLS were utilized. Because cell pastes contain more mass than the supernatant, these were used for quantitative analyses. Both the MS and IR data were difficult to interpret, but the chemometrics used allowed researchers to gain some knowledge of the process. The authors show graphics indicating the ability to follow production via either technique. 

Two common types of button batteries both use a zinc container, which acts as the anode, and an inert stainless steel cathode, as shown in Figure 11.11 on the next page. In the mercury button battery, the alkaline electrolyte paste contains mercury(II) oxide, HgO. In the silver button battery, the electrolyte paste contains silver oxide, Ag20. The batteries have similar voltages about 1.3 V for the mercury cell, and about 1.6 V for the silver cell. 

It is known that some of the properties of fresh concrete can be considered in terms of the rheological properties of the cement paste contained in the concrete. Thus a high water-cement ratio concrete will contain a paste content which is more fluid than that of a low water-cement ratio concrete. 

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