Disease/disorder effects osteoporosis

Ascorbic acid also forms soluble chelate complexes with iron (142—145). It seems ascorbic acid has no effect on high iron levels found in people with iron overload (146). It is well known, in fact, that ascorbic acid in the presence of iron can exhibit either prooxidant or antioxidant effects, depending on the concentration used (147). The combination of citric acid and ascorbic acid may enhance the iron load in aging populations. Iron overload may be the most important common etiologic factor in the development of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, arthritis, and possibly other disorders. The synergistic combination of citric acid and ascorbic acid needs further study, particularly because the iron overload produced may be correctable (147). 

Cyclic urea derivatives, (IV), prepared by Hutchinson (4) and amine salt derivatives, (V), prepared by Wells (5) were effective as v(i3 and/or v(i5 receptor integrin antagonists and used for inhibiting bone resorption disorders including osteoporosis and periodontal disease. 

Calcitonin inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, increases the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate, and reduces serum calcium. It is established in the treatment of disorders of high bone turnover, including Paget s disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis, but is less effective than the bisphosphonates. Calcitonin is less effective than other therapeutic measures in the treatment of acute hypercalcemia. Long-term administration of calcitonin reduces morbidity in cases of osteogenesis imperfecta... 

The majority of clinical applications of in vivo NAA have related to the determination of total-body and partial-body Ca to obtain invaluable clinical data on losses of calcium resulting from diseases such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and chronic renal diseases, as well as on the potential effect of drugs or therapy programs attempting to stem these losses (Krishnan 2000). Improvements in the technique, which mainly result in lower doses, allow applications to total-body Ca studies in population groups (ElKs et al. 2001). Other elements of clinical interest, such as Na, Cl, and I have been investigated in conjunction with various human diseases and disorders, while the clinical value of the measurement of major elements such as H, N, O, and P remains uncertain. Ellis (2000) recently reviewed the role of in vivo NAA among the in vivo methods for the measurement of human body composition. 

Optimal management of the postmenopausal patient requires careful assessment of her symptoms as well as consideration of her age and the presence of (or risks for) cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, breast cancer, and endometrial cancer. Bearing in mind the effects of the gonadal hormones on each of these disorders, the goals of therapy can then be defined and the risks of therapy assessed and discussed with the patient. 

Considerable evidence exists from epidemiological and experimental studies for preventive effects of soy or isoflavones against chronic diseases including cancer (breast, prostate, colorectal, lung), osteoporosis, cardiovascular disorders, and menopausal symptoms, but this is not always consistent [Adlercreutz... 

It can occur in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and chronic diseases, or as a result of medications, specifically glucocorticoids (steroid- or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis). A major risk factor for osteoporosis in both men and women is advanced age. In females, oestrogen deficiency following menopause is correlated with a rapid reduction in BMD, while in men a decrease in testosterone has a comparable (bnt less pronounced) effect. European or Asian ancestry predisposes for osteoporosis. 

Another potential long-term adverse effect of AED treatment is osteomalacia and osteoporosis. The bone disorders associated with AED use consist of a heterogeneous group of disorders. These include findings ranging from asymptomatic high-tumover disease. 

Patients who are undergoing therapy for menstruation-related disorders should have a monthly examination by a clinician to assess efficacy and adverse effects and adjust dosing, if needed. If first-line treatment approaches are not effective after several months, then alternative or combination therapies should be considered. Perimenopausal women should be monitored every 1 to 2 months to determine the effectiveness of treatment. Once a patient is stable and responding to the treatmentplan, monitoring may be extended to every 3 to 6 months. Peri- and postmenopausal women should be monitored regularly because of the increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. Throughout therapy, patients should be... 

A series of article abstracts about various magnesium-deficiency symptoms, syndromes, conditions, or diseases are supplied at http //www.mgwa-ter.com/abstract.shtml. These include the following alcohol-related hypertension and strokes, alcohol-induced contraction of cerebral arteries, amyofrophic lateral sclerosis and aluminum deposition in the central nervous system, cardiac arrhythmias, asthma therapy, attention deficit disorder (ADD), cerebral artery disorders, constipation, diabetes, heart muscle disorders or myocardial infarction, hypertension, HIV, kidney stones, menopause, migraine, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, and premenstrual syndrome. In all cases, an increase in magnesium levels had beneficial effects. 

Osteopetrosis, also known as marble bone disease, describes a group of heritable disorders that are centered on a defect in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. There are four autosomal recessive and one autosomal dominant forms of osteopetrosis (Table 35.4) (16). It generally is characterized by abnormally dense, brittle bone and increased skeletal mass. Unlike osteoporosis, this disorder results from decreased osteoclast activity, which has an effect on both the shape and structure of the bone. In very extreme cases, the medullary cavity, which houses bone marrow, fills with new bone, and production of hematopoietic cells is hampered. Like osteoporosis, this disease can be detected radiographically and appears as though there is a bone within a bone. There is limited evidence that bisphosphonates can induce osteopetrosis via their inhibition of osteoclast activity (17). 

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