Hormonal disorders

A hormonal disorder caused by the prolonged exposure to high levels of endogenous or exogenous sources of cortisol. 

O In most patients with thyroid hormone disorders, the measurement of a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level is adequate for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The target TSH for most patients being treated for thyroid disorders should be the mean normal value of 1.4 milliunits/L or 1.4 microunits/mL (target range 0.5-2.5 milliunits/L or 0.5-2.5 microunits/mL). 

The medicinal chemistry of fluorosteroids is of course dominated by the fluoro-corticoids. Research in fluorocorticoids is now essentially devoted to the search for new formulation of registered drugs. Elsewhere, there is currently a renewal of interest for fluorosteroids in medicinal chemistry mainly in view to develop drugs for hormonal disorders. 

Saw palmetto is known to have diuretic, urinary antiseptic, endocrinological, and anabolic properties. Traditionally, it is used for chronic or subacute cystitis, catarrh of the genitourinary tract, testicular atrophy, sex hormone disorders, and specifically for prostatic enlargement. 

D-Pantolactone (Figure 6.3.1) is an important intermediate in the production of d-pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5. Deficiency of pantothenic acid can result in symptoms such as pathological changes of the skin and mucosa, disorders in the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system, organ changes, and hormonal disorders. Pantothenic acid is used mainly in feed for chicken and pigs and also as a vitamin supply in human nutrition. Its commercial form, the calcium salt, is produced worldwide on a multi-thousand ton scale. 

Between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s, Schering AG carried out a project to develop a compound which had a much higher antagonistic action than that of spironolactone, as well as a lesser sex organ-specific action, since chronic treatment and high doses of spironolactone had caused hormonal disorders in both women and men. 

It can occur in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and chronic diseases, or as a result of medications, specifically glucocorticoids (steroid- or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis). A major risk factor for osteoporosis in both men and women is advanced age. In females, oestrogen deficiency following menopause is correlated with a rapid reduction in BMD, while in men a decrease in testosterone has a comparable (bnt less pronounced) effect. European or Asian ancestry predisposes for osteoporosis. 

Cushing s syndrome (hypercorticism) is an endocrine hormone disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood. Cushing s disease refers to one specific cause, a non-cancerous tumour (adenoma) in the pituitary gland that produces a large amount of ACTH, which in turn elevates cortisol. It can usually be cured by surgery. 

Rates of hepatic synthesis of many plasma proteins are affected by a patient s endocrine status. The effects of some steroid hormones on individual plasma protein levels are given in Table 20-5. The plasma protein levels characteristic of a specific disease may therefore be complicated by the steroid status of a patient and by an inflammatory acute phase reaction. The abnormal steroid status may be the result of an intrinsic hormonal disorder or of treatment with steroid hormones, as in inflammation. 

In this section, I list diseases and conditions known to cause or accompany magnesium deficiency. My purpose is to show you that one disease can cause others by creating deficiencies that open up a person to other diseases.The following conditions are known to contribute to magnesium deficiency Bartter s syndrome bile insufficiency celiac disease bowel infections vomiting diarrhea alcoholism diabetes high levels of diuretics, vitamin D, or zinc hyperthyroidism metabolic disorders hormone disorders fat metabolism problems colostomy and kidney dysfunctions. 

B14. Baxter, R. C., Brown, A. S., and Turtle, J. R., Radioimmunoassay for somatomedin C Comparison with radioreceptor assay in patients with growth-hormone disorders, hypothyroidism, and renal failure. Clin. Ch. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 28, 488-495 (1982). 

Affymax (San Francisco, CA/USA) Infectious diseases, cancer, hormone disorders Pre-clinical screening... 

The nervous system of higher organisms is separated in a central nervous system (CNS), which comprises the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral nervous system (PNS) which embodies the remaining nervous tissues. Many factors such as infectious diseases, hormonal disorders and... 

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) which acts specifically on the thyroid gland to elicit secretion of thyroid hormones. Disorders of the hypo-thulamie-pituitary-lhyroid axis arc described in detail on pages 80-S5. 

A related development is the tremendous expansion of neuroscience. Thyroid hormones occupy a central place in brain development. It seems pertinent to bring the neurobiological effects of thyroid hormone disorder to the attention of the neuroscience community, especially as hypothyroidism affects nerve cell growth and connectivity, neurotransmitter levels, membrane functions, and other areas of neurobiology. 

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