Menstruation-related disorders

Measure the treatment success for the various menstruation-related disorders by the degree to which the care plan (1) relieves or reverses symptoms of the disorder, (2) prevents or reverses the complications of the disorder (e.g., osteoporosis, anemia, and infertility), and (3) minimizes side effects. The return of a regular menstrual cycle with minimal premenstrual symptoms or symptoms of dysmenorrhea should occur. Depending on the desire for conception and subsequent therapy, this cycle may be ovulatory or anovulatory. 

What are the possible complications of the menstruation-related disorder ... 

Chap. 46 - Menstruation-Related Disorders Universal Program Number 014-999-07-061-H04... 

Menstruation-related disorders occur commonly during the reproductive years and are characterized by cyclic, somatic, and/or psychological symptoms during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and often symptoms become more episodic and severe prior to menopause. 

Menstruation-related disorders are the result of a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and cyclic changes in ovarian steroids, neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and neuropeptides. 

There are no specific laboratory tests that are diagnostic for PMS or PMDD. A prospective self-rated symptom diary with severity ratings is most helpful in diagnosing and monitoring menstruation-related disorders. 

Education, psychotherapy, well-balanced meals and snacks, regular exercise, dietary changes (e.g., limiting caffeine, alcohol, and salt), relaxation therapy, stress reduction, and sleep hygiene are first-line nonpharmacologic approaches for menstruation-related disorders. 

The HPG axis is responsible for the cyclic hormone secretion that regulates and controls ovulation and plays a major role in menstruation-related disorders. The menstrual cycle is characterized by cyclic alterations in the production of gonadal hormones (estradiol and progesterone), pituitary hormones (gonadatropins, prolactin, growth hormone), melatonin, and cortisol and in temperature rhythms. Menstruation-related disorders are likely the result of a complex interaction between ovarian steroids and central neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and neuropeptides. The occurrence of physical... 

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