Diets high-fibre

Low-fibre diet High fibre intake High vegetable intake... 

Iron-deficiency anaemia results from a discrepancy between iron availability and the amount required for production of red blood cells. The causes of acquired iron deficiency in so-called underdeveloped and developed countries must be differentiated. In underdeveloped countries, the main causes of iron deficiency are (a) the poor availability of iron in the diet due to low haem and high fibre and phytate content (D Souza et ah, 1987), and (b) chronic blood loss due to hookworm, schistosomiasis and malaria (Stoltzfus et ah, 1997 Olsen et ah, 1998 Dreyfuss et ah, 2000). Inflammation and vitamin A deficiency often interfere with the above causes of iron deficiency, causing a mixed type of anaemia. In underdeveloped countries diet improvement, iron fortification of natural foods and eradication of parasites will have a much higher impact than will refinement of diagnostic procedures and therapy of iron-deficiency anaemia. 

Brodribb AJM Treatment of symptomatic diverticular disease with a high-fibre diet. Lancet 1977 i 664—666. 

Cellulase is not produced in the human digestive system. Cellulolytic enzyme preparations obtained from A. niger or other fungal sources are available, and it is thought that their ingestion may improve overall digestion, particularly in relation to high-fibre diets. 

Gonlachanvit, S., Coleski, R., Owyang, C., and Hasler, W. L. (2004). Inhibitory actions of a high fibre diet on intestinal gas transit in healthy volunteers. Gut. 53,1577-1582. 

As well as providing fuel, butyrate (which contains four carbon atoms) can reduce the proliferation of colonocytes, which may reduce the risk of tumour development. This is one suggestion to explain how high-fibre diets protect against colon cancer (Chapter 21). 

Simvastatin is a statin. Patients taking statins must be advised to immediately report any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness and weakness and to take the dose preferably at night. Patients must also be advised to follow dietary measures, namely ovoid fatty foods and maintain a high-fibre diet. 

In the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, often a therapeutic dilemma, there is some evidence that a high fibre maintenance diet combined with short-term antispasmodics may be beneficial. 

Hung GU, Tsai SC, Lin WY, Wang SJ. A high-fibre diet in combination with bisacodyl for bowel preparation in gallium renal scintigraphy. Nncl Med Commnn 2003 24 933-7. 

In severe acute disease parenteral steroids and other immuno-suppressants, ciclosporin, and infliximab may be required. There is little evidence to support the use of any accessory treatments. Constipation associated with colonic dysfunction may be helped by a high fibre diet but this will have no intrinsic effect on the inflammation. In severe acute exacerbations of extensive disease, fluid replacement intravenously and blood transfusion may be needed. 

Symptom patterns those with alternating constipation and diarrhoea and predominant constipation may benefit from high fibre diets (although excess fibre may bloat). Those with predominant diarrhoea may require simple peripheral opiate agonists (loperamide), but may also be helped by raised fibre intake. Pain may respond in part to explanation that it does not indicate serious illness and in part to spasmolytic therapy with anticholinergic agents which... 

Because of their high fibre and low energy content, oats are best used in pullet developer diets and in diets for breeder flocks. Newer varieties of oats with a lower hull content may be more suitable in diets for growing meat birds. 

Use of sesame meal in starter diets should be limited because of its high fibre content and possible palatability problems associated with phytates and oxalates (Ravindran and Blair, 1992). 

Onifade, A.A. and Babatunde, G.M. (1996) Supplemental value of dried yeast in a high-fibre diet for broiler chicks. Animal Feed Science and Technology 62, 91-96. 

Diverticular disease affects 5-10% of Western people over the age of 45 the incidence rises to 80% in those over 80. Colonic dysmotility with increased intracolonic pressure, and diets high in refined carbohydrate and low in fibre are important pathogenic factors. Some patients experience abdominal pain from dysmotility whilst others remain asymptomatic. Infection of diverticula occurs in a minority, giving potential for rupture or abscess formation. 

Speculation that fibre-depleted diets may play a role in the development of diabetes has increased the interest in recent studies suggesting that high-fibre diets may be beneficial for treating subjects with diabetes (Anderson et al. 1979). 

In other studies, the effects of high-fibre diets on blood glucose levels were generally felt to be rather small (Simpson et al., 1981), and it was noted that postprandial blood glucose levels are influenced only when fibre content is fivefold higher than that of the normal British diet, whereby the effects of the dietary fibre source on carbohydrate metabolism seem to depend on the composition of the source. 

For the majority of obese people, a calorie restricted diet based on nutritious and appetising foods is the most suitable it is likely to be more successful if it is tailored to meet the needs, expectations and life-style of the individual trying to lose weight. The details of the diet, and how to monitor energy intake, are best explained by someone who has received formal training in these matters. For weight maintenance, a low fat, high fibre diet, which is nutritionally adequate, is best. 

Eat a diet high in fibre, including wholegrains, fruits and vegetables. 

Recent studies by Ross et.al. have demonstrated that resorcinolic lipids (5-alkylresorcinols) present in high fibre whole grain cereal diet can be used as biomarkers, i.e. compounds that can be used for the epidemiological studies of the effects of dietary intake in human health [412-415]. These phenolic compounds are absorbed from the ileum by animals and humans and may be determined quantitatively in the serum [416] and their metabolites also in human urine [412], Further data confirm that cereal grain 5-alkylreesorcinols modify animal lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro [413,417] which make them very interesting in relation to the risks of diabetes, obesity, heart diseases and some cancers. 

The AUC of a single 500-mg oral dose of amoxicillin was found to be 12.17 mierograms/mL per hour in 10 healthy subjeets on a low fibre diet (7.8 g of insoluble fibre daily) but only 9.65 mierograms/mL per hour when they ate a high fibre diet (36.2 g of insoluble fibre daily) a difference of about 20%. Peak serum levels were the same and occurred at 3 hours. The clinical relevance of these changes is likely to be minimal. 

Limited evidence siu esitsi that very high fibre diets can reduce the serum levels of doxepin and desipramine, and therefore decrease their effects. The bioavailability of amitriptyline may be... 

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