Fibre intakes

Brodribb AJM, Humphreys DM Diverticular disease Three studies. I. Relation to other disorders and fibre intake. Br Med J 1976 i 424-430. 

Saura-Calixto F and Goni I. 1993. In Cummings JH and Frolich W, editors. Dietary Fibre Intakes in Europe—COST 92. Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 

Figure 5.2 Therapeutic interventions for decreasing colorectal mucosal bile acid exposure as a CRC chemoprevention strategy. 1) Lifestyle modifications including reduction in dietary animal fat and increased fibre intake may, at least partly, be explained by reduction in luminal primary (cholic acid [CA] and chenodeoxycholic acid [CDCA]) and secondary (deoxycholic acid [DCA] and lithocholic acid [LCA]) bile acids. 2) Reduction of secondary bile acids, which are believed to have pro-carcinogenic activity could be obtained by decreased bacterial conversion from primary bile acids. 3) Alternatively, bile acids could be sequestered by chemical binding agents, e.g. aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) or probiotic bacteria. 4) Exogenous ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can reduce the luminal proportion of secondary bile acids and also has direct anti-neoplastic activity on colonocytes in vitro.

Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy should be managed in the first place by reassurance, attention to emotional factors, and general measures such as a cup of tea and biscuit, and light and frequent meals with adequate fibre intake. In resistant cases, drug therapy may be necessary. 

Symptom patterns those with alternating constipation and diarrhoea and predominant constipation may benefit from high fibre diets (although excess fibre may bloat). Those with predominant diarrhoea may require simple peripheral opiate agonists (loperamide), but may also be helped by raised fibre intake. Pain may respond in part to explanation that it does not indicate serious illness and in part to spasmolytic therapy with anticholinergic agents which... 

Miller Jones, J. (2004). Dietary fibre intake, disease prevention, and health promotion An overview with emphasis on evidence from epidemiology. In J. W. van der Kamp, N. G. Asp, J. Miller Jones, G. Schaafsma (Eds.), Dietary fibre Bio-active carbohydrates for food and feed (pp. 143-164). Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. 

Ellegard, L., Bosaeus, I., and Andersson, H. 2000. Will recommended changes in fat and fibre intake affect cholesterol absorption and sterol excretion An ileostomy study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54, 306-313. 

Almost all the evidence showing that phytate decreases zinc absorption in man and animals is based on pure phytate added to the diet. The effect of natural phytate is variable (18). It has, however, been reported that phytate in bran affected zinc bioavailability in the same way as sodium phytate (19). Dietary fibre in the rural Iranian diet was considered to be the main cause of zinc deficiency in Iran (20). However, the addition of 26 g of fibre from various sources to the American diet did not have any significant effect on the zinc requirements of male adults (21). Similarly, Indian men consuming a diet containing only 10.8 mg of zinc were reported to be in balance in spite of a dietary fibre intake of 50 g per day (22). Moreover, the presence of fibre and phytate in soy flour did not affect the bioavailability of zinc added as zinc carbonate, to the diet of rats (17), although others (23) have reported that the bioavailability of zinc in breakfast cereals depends mainly on their phytate-zinc molar ratio. Our results indicate that there is some, as yet, undetermined difference in the phytate or the fibre of cereals which affects the bioavailability of zinc. It may be some component of dietary fibre (24) or the intrinsic differences in the protein-phytate-mineral complex (10). 

Numerous groups have now demonstrated that high plant fibre intake may have a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism in patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus. Atkins et al. (1987) noted a significant improvement in... 

Li, Y, Kang, J.X., and Leaf, A., Differential effects of various eicosanoids on the contraction of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Prostaglandins, 54, 511, 1997. Burr, M.L., et al.. Effect of changes in fat, fish and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction diet and reinfarction trial (DART), Lancet, 2, 757, 1989. 

Burr, M.L., Fehily, A.M., Gilbert, J.F., Rogers, S., Holliday, R.M., Sweetnam, RM., Elwood, RC., and Deadman, N.M. (1989) Effects of Changes in Fat, Fish, and Fibre Intakes on Death and Myocardial Reinfarction Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART), Lancet 2,757-761. 

Freeland KR, Wilson C, Wolever TM. Adaptation of colonic fermentation and glucagon—like peptide-1 secretion with increased wheat fibre intake for 1 year in hyperinsulinaemic human subjects. Brit J Nutr. 2010 103(1) 82—90. 

Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, Rogers S, Holliday RM, Sweetnam PM, Elwood PC, Deadman NM. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction Diet And Reinfarction Trial (DART). Lancet 1989 334(8666) 757-61. 

Wheat bran cellulose is much less well digested than that of fruit and vegetables and this has been attributed to its lignin content. The chief products of the anaerobic fermentation of fibre are volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), gas (CO2, Ha and methane) and energy. Gas production is a normal part of colonic metabolism but may be one of the reasons why people in the West have tended to maintain a relatively low fibre intake. 

As can be seen from Table 10.9, the fibre intake in different countries varies widely and reflects the type of diet consumed. 

It has also been suggested that ischaemic heart disease, appendicitis, haemorrhoids, hiatus hernia, gall stones and varicose veins which occur more commonly in technological than primitive societies are associated with a low fibre intake but the evidence is not conclusive. 

Low-fibre diet High fibre intake High vegetable intake... 

In addition to their studies of individuals, these authors also calculated dietary fibre intakes and sources using the National Food Survey ", and found very close agreement between the two sets of data. 

It is worth noting that the major sources of fibre in the UK diet now are fruit and vegetables, and that less than one-third comes from cereals. Also no differences were shown in fibre intake with age, nor between men and women. This may perhaps seem surprising at first sight, but when one considers the relatively small amounts of dietary fibre in the UK diet, compared with that of the rural African for example (100-170g/day), it is evident that the chance for such variations to occur is small. 

Using the same data-base for calculating dietary fibre intakes and similar food intake methodology, Morris et measured food... 

DAILY DIETARY FIBRE INTAKE AND INCIDENCE OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE... 

Thirds composed of 112,113 and 112 men respectively, accumulated from the thirds of dietary fibre intake in each occupation (hence the overlap). Men were age 30-67 at initial survey. Cases of CHD up to 70 years. 

Morris s dietary survey was carried out some years ago and suggests that we obtained a higher proportion of our dietary fibre intakes from cereals then, compared with the present. This fact is borne out by the work of Southgate et al who have calculated dietary fibre intakes in the UK from the National Food Survey and... 

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