Weight maintenance

O Parenteral nutrition (PN), also called total parenteral nutrition (TPN), is the intravenous administration of fluids, macronutrients, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements for the purpose of weight maintenance or gain, to preserve or replete lean body mass and visceral proteins, and to support anabolism and nitrogen balance when the oral/enteral route is not feasible or adequate. 

Weight maintenance (potentially weight gain in malnourished patients and growing children)... 

Weight maintenance occurs following successful achievement of weight loss. 

Control stimuli that negatively affect weight loss or weight maintenance. 

Rat Biodynamic feed versus conventional feed Fewer still births and perinatal deaths and better weight maintenance in lactating female rats fed biodynamic feed (Velimirov el aL, 1992)... 

One study of people who used sibutramine for two years (although the FDA only approved one year of use) showed one possibly positive effect of this drug continued weight maintenance. In this study, over 80% of people who took sibutramine for two years kept their weight constant. Along with the maintained weight loss, researchers also found that patients were able to decrease the lipid (fat) in their bloodstream, which has beneficial effects on the health of the heart. 

The basal diet was a measured, laboratory controlled diet based on ordinary foods fed in sufficient quantities to meet caloric requirements of the 127 subjects for weight maintenance and meeting or exceeding the National Research Council Daily Recommended Nutrient Intakes. 

Table II. Effect of Supplementation of Starchy Foods With Common Beans on Weight Maintenance...

The selection of the technology of compact heat exchangers depends on the operating conditions, such as pressure, flow rates, and temperature, as well as on other parameters, such as fouling, corrosion, compactness, weight, maintenance, and reliability. Table 1 summarizes the major limits for the different types of compact heat exchangers. 

Hill JO, Hauptman J, Anderson JW, Fujioka K, O Neil PM, Smith DK, Zavoral JH, Aronne LJ (1999) Orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, for weight maintenance after conventional dieting a 1-y study. Am J ClinNutr 69 1108-1116... 

This chapter will review the relative contributions of exercise and food intake to changes in body weight and more specifically body composition. The emphasis of this chapter is on exercise as a modality for fat reduction and fat-free weight maintenance with the focus on aerobic exercise which has greater potential to modify body composition due to larger effects on energy balance. The first section reviews the effects of aerobic exercise on body composition in humans. The second section addresses techniques for measurement of body composition and limitations of these measurements in humans. The third section examines the use of experimental animals for studies of exercise and body composition, and the fourth section examines the interactions of diet and exercise. 

This will be the shortest section in this chapter. Simply stated, weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance require physical activity. It s not an option. It is absolutely essential. Every study I ve ever read that investigates long-term weight control concludes that regular, fairly strenuous physical activity must go hand in hand with limiting calories. 

Flatt, J. R (199.5). )3ody composition, respiratory quotient, and weight maintenance. An .. Clin. Nitir. 62, llOTS-lllTS. 

James WP, Astrup A, Finer N, Hilsted J, Kopelman P, Rossner S, Saris WH, Van Gaal LF. STORM Study Group. Effect of sibutramine on weight maintenance after weight loss a randomised trial. Sibutramine Trial of Obesity Reduction and Maintenance. Lancet 2000 356(9248) 2119-25. 

Rossner S, Sjostrom L, Noack R, Meinders AE, Noseda G. European Orlistat Obesity Study Group. Weight loss, weight maintenance, and improved cardiovascular risk factors after 2 years treatment with orlistat for obesity. Obes Res 2000 8(1) 49-61. 

For the majority of obese people, a calorie restricted diet based on nutritious and appetising foods is the most suitable it is likely to be more successful if it is tailored to meet the needs, expectations and life-style of the individual trying to lose weight. The details of the diet, and how to monitor energy intake, are best explained by someone who has received formal training in these matters. For weight maintenance, a low fat, high fibre diet, which is nutritionally adequate, is best. 

Exercise will modestly enhance weight loss and weight maintenance, and, given its other demonstrated health benefits, should be recommended for everyone trying to lose weight. 

Exercise programs should be started gradually and work toward recommended goals of at least 30 min of daily moderate activity for overall health benehts and toward an ultimate goal of 60 min of daily physical activity for weight loss and weight maintenance. 

Dose For limh muscle paralysis, initial i.v. or i.m. 1 mg/kg of body weight for abdominal surgery, 1.5 mg/kg of body weight Maintenance dose, 500 meg to 1 mg every 30 to 60 min. intervals if required. The dose must be reduced when used along with anaesthetics, like ether, cyclopropane, etc. 

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