Dietary recommendations

The mean dietary intake of soy isoflavones in Asian populations consuming soy-based diets ranges from 20-40 mg isoflavones/day, with upper percentile consumer intakes of 70 mg/day (corresponding to around 1 mg/kg body weight). In the six month intervention studies in Western postmenopausal women, the effective dose for improved BMD was around 80-90 mg/day, while in the one year, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial, the effective dose was 54 mg/day. Overall, the dietary recommendation is to consume 50 mg isoflavones/day in combination with standard nutritional requirements for calcium and vitamin D. 

The average daily consumption of cholesterol in the United States and Canada is now about 450 mg. There appears to be ample evidence that reducing the cholesterol intake may be beneficial to a reduction in mortality from coronary heart disease. Evidence indicates that a 2-4% reduction in coronary artery disease risk may be achieved by decreasing plasma cholesterol by 1% (Lipid Research Clinics Program, 1984 Frick et al., 1987). Various agencies in the United States, Canada and many European countries have recommended that dietary cholesterol consumption be reduced to 300 mg or less. These include the American Heart Association (1988), National Research Council (1989), Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation, Health and Welfare Canada (1990), European Atherosclerosis Society (1987), and the Consensus Conference, US (1985). 

---

Follow the dietary recommendations (if any) made by the primary care provider. 

Remember that dietary recommendations made by tiie primary health care provider are an important part of therapy and must be followed. 

MCDERMOTT J H (2000) Antioxidant nutrients current dietary recommendations and research update , J Am Pharm Assoc, 40, 785. 

Arab L (2004) Individualized nutritional recommendations do we have the measurements needed to assess risk and make dietary recommendations Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 63, 167-172. 

Evaluation of dietary therapy with diet diaries and recall survey instruments allows information about diet to be collected in a systematic fashion and may improve patient adherence to dietary recommendations. 

The most important biological function of carbohydrates is to provide energy. Most current dietary recommendations suggest that about 55% of total caloric requirements be provided by carbohydrates. 

In addition to RDIs and RDAs, there is a set of values termed the dietary reference intakes (DRIs). These are the most recent set of dietary recommendations established by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, 1997-2001. DRIs vary significantly from the current RDIs and may provide the basis for updating the RDIs in the future (see www.nal.usda.gOv/fnic/etext/000105.html). 

Dietary recommendations designed to rednce cancer risk are to eat abalanced diet containing frnit, vegetables and fibre (to provide colonic bacteria with fnel to prodnce short-chain fatty acids which may regnlate colonocyte proliferation) with limited alcohol and fat (in particnlar to avoid obesity). 

Chahoud G, Aude YW, Mehta JL. 2004. Dietary recommendations in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease Do we have the ideal diet yet Am J Cardiol 94 1260-1267. 

Dietary recommendations to increase intake of citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables, green and yellow vegetables, and fruits and vegetables high in vitamin A and C to lower cancer risk have been made by several organizations, including the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Cancer Institute, the American Cancer Society, the World Cancer Research Fund, and the American Institute for Cancer Research. 

Includes forward-looking discussions on applying nutrient-gene interaction research findings to individual dietary recommendations... 

Customizing Dietary Recommendations by Genotype in the Era of Genomics. 155 Sina Vakili, Grace Jooyoung Shin, and Marie A. Caudill... 

---