Deodorant care products

The most common use of 2-(2, 4 -dichlorophenoxy)-5-chlorophenol (2,4,4 -trichloro 2 -phenoxyphenol) is in the personal care products market, where it is commonly known as triclosan and is the active antibacterial in underarm deodorants. It has also found some acceptance as an antibacterial component of plastic mattress covers. 

While the Dove formulation has undergone relatively minor changes since its launch in the U.S. in 1955, the marketing concept has seen major changes. Today s Dove is marketed on a platform of extreme mildness to skin as evidenced by its neutral pH, and has been extended into different skin cleansing product forms (e.g. Dove Body Wash) as well as other personal care products (e g. Dove Shampoo, Dove Deodorant) [3], However, the original problem definition had a very different focus. 

Humans emit a variety of VOCs such as pentane and isoprene (e.g., Gelmont et al., 1981 Mendis et al., 1994 Phillips et al., 1994 Jones et al., 1995 Foster et al., 1996). In addition, emissions from personal care products have been observed. Decamethylcyclopen-tasiloxane (D5), a cyclic dimethylsiloxane with five Si-O units in the ring, and the smaller D4 analog, octameth-ylcyclotetrasiloxane, are used in such products as underarm deodorant and antiperspirants at concentrations up to 40-60% by weight (Shields and Weschler, 1992 Shields et al., 1996). Increased concentrations of D5 have been measured in offices and are correlated to human activity, as expected if personal care products were the major source (Shields and Weschler, 1992). In some cases, increased concentrations attributable to emissions from silicone-based caulking materials were also observed (Shields et al., 1996). 

Coumarin is a natural product occurring in the essential oils of a large number of plants, such as cinnamon, cassia, lavender and woodruff. It is used for its fragrance in many personal care products (perfumes, deodorants, soaps) and in tobacco, in household and industrial products to mask unpleasant odours and, in some countries, as a flavouring agent in food and beverages. It has also been used to treat several medical conditions. Exposure to coumarin may occur from its production, its natural presence in many plants and essential oils, and its several industrial, medical and consumer uses. 

Care products deodorant, soap, shampoo, creams, toothpaste, etc. 

In use tests represent a very valuable tool in the assessment armory. Many personal care products are designed for frequent skin contact, often with very sensitive areas of skin (e.g., the face or underarm). Materials such as face creams and deodorants, etc. must therefore be evaluated for their irritation potential to ensure that they are safe for normal use. A use or exaggerated use test provides data on which a safety assessment can be made. A test material is compared with a control, usually a material of similar formulation that is already marketed, and has an acceptable market history. The frequency of exposure may be exaggerated to maximize the sensitivity of the test. For the duration of the test, panellists are provided with test and control materials and a treatment card to record the daily use of each material. The materials issued at the start of the test are weighed before and after the test, so that the amount of material used can be calculated. 

No systematic studies of the use of silicone surfactants as emulsifiers have yet been published. Silicone polyoxyalkylene copolymers with relatively high molecular weight and a high proportion of silicone are effective water-in-silicone oil emulsifiers and a recent study of these copolymers suggests that they stabilize emulsions by a solid-particle mechanism [68]. This type of silicone surfactant has been used to prepare transparent water-in-oil emulsions (often with an active ingredient in the internal phase) for use as deodorants or antiperspirants as well as cosmetics and other personal care products. Their use as drug delivery vehicles has also been claimed. These copolymers can also be used to prepare multiple emulsions not requiring a two-pot process. 

Isopropyl palmitate is a nongreasy emollient with good spreading characteristics, used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics such as bath oils creams lotions make-up hair care products deodorants lip products suntan preparations and pressed powders see Table I. 

Safety Commission Consumer Products Copper (Cu) Corrosives Corticosteroids Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Cotinine Coumarins Creosote Cresols Cromolyn Cumene Cumulative Risk Assessment Cyanamide Cyanide Cyanogen Chloride Cyclodienes Cyclohexamide Cyclohexane Cyclohexene Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporine Cyfluthrin Cypermethrin Cysteine Cytochrome P-450 "2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid)" Limonene Dalapon DDT/DDE/DDD Decane DEBT (Diethyltoluamide) DEE Deferoxamine DEHP (Di-Ethyl Hexyl Phthalate) Delaney Clause Deltamethrin Deodorants Detergent Developmental Toxicology Dextromethorphan Diazepam Diazinon Diazoxide Dibenzofuran " Dib enz [a, h] anthracene" Dibromochloropropane Dibutyl phthalate Dicamba Dichlone Dichlorobenzene Dichloroethanes "Dichloroethylene, 1,1-"... 

MS is the average number of moles of substitution (in the case of HEC, hydroxy-ethyl and ethoxy units) added per anhydroglucose ring. The MS value, unlike DS, can exceed 3 in the case of HEC, since side chains of PEO can form. Commercial water-soluble HEC samples have DS values in the range 0.85 to 1.35 and MS values in the range 1.3 to 3.4. HEC aqueous dispersions are pseudoplastic and thermally reversible. HEC is compatible with nonionic, cationic, and anionic materials (salts and surfactants). It is stable in the pH range 2 to 11. As a thickener, it is used in hair care products (conditioners, etc.), liquid soaps, shaving products, cationic lotions, antiperspirants, and deodorants. 

Table 13-4 lists important commercial solvents of abuse. Meth-ylchloroform, the solvent in typewriter correction fluid, caused 30 deaths by 1988 (Lilis 1992). Ethyl chloride more recently became an inhalant of abuse (Hersh 1991). Chlorofluorocarbons, used as refrigerants and in the past as insecticide propellants and in deodorants, breath fresheners, hair spray, and other personal care products, caused hundreds of deaths after intentional inhalation (Maximilian et al. 1982). 

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