Suntan preparations

The occurrence of photoallergy to esters of / -aminobenzoic acid was described in the discussion of photoallergic topical drugs (Sect. P.IX). Ordinary contact sensitization is more frequent, described as early as 1949 by Meltzer and Baer (1949). Cross-reactions to other para compounds such as paraphenylenediamine-de-rived hair dyes, azo and aniline dyes, local anesthetics (procaine, benzocaine), sulfonamides, and / -aminosalicylic acid occur. The spectrum of cross-reactions varies from patient to patient (Fisher et al. 1958). Fisher (1977) has emphasized the importance of recognizing impurities in a compound as responsible for certain crossreactions, i.e., benzocaine in glyceryl-/7-aminobenzoic acid (Escalol 106), 

Benzophenones constitute another group of suntan preparations. Deoxyben-zone and/or oxybenzone caused allergic contact dermatitis in a few patients (Thompson et al. 1977 Parker 1977). A concomitant positive reaction to deoxy-benzone and oxybenzone was explained as cross-sensitization or concomitant sensitization contamination of one with the other was ruled out by chromatographic analysis in Pariser s case. Thompson et al. (1977) also mentioned a new suntan preparation sensitizer, cinoxate. 

Sulisobenzone (2-hydroxy-4-benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid) was the allergen in a case showing immediate and delayed hypersensitivity (Baer and Ramsay 1971 Ramsay et al. 1972). Digalloyl trioleate has been described as a photoallergen (Sams 1956). Many suntan preparations contain cinnamates, which may cause contact allergy and photocontact allergy (Goodman 1970). 

Homomenthyl salicylate in a suntan preparation produced a follicular allergic contact dermatitis in two patients (Rietschel and Lewis 1978). That one investigator documented two patients in a short period suggests that many such examples may be missed by less observant physicians. Various salicylates, e.g., menthyl, benzyl, and phenyl compounds are used in suntan preparations and are sensitizers (Rietschel and Lewis 1978 Kahn 1971). The same is true of anthranilates. Fisher (1973, pp. 209-216) reviews the literature on allergic reactions to suntan preparations and lists the active ingredients in the most popular brands. 

Dihydroxyacetone, a pigmenting agent, used in treatment of vitiligo, caused a severe and chronic contact dermatitis in a woman after application of a 1% solution to the neck and chest area (Harman 1961). Later, the same preparation was applied to vitiligous areas of the arms with no adverse effect. No patch tests were performed because of the severity of the dermatitis in the neck and chest area. 

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Almost everyone is familiar with aloe vera as a popular ingredient of skin lotion and suntan preparations. Its use for skin care and treatment goes back to ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece. 

Ashwood-Smith, M. J., Poulton, G. A., Barker, M., and Mildenberger, M. (1980). Methoxypsoralen, an ingredient in several suntan preparations, has lethal, mutagenic and clastogenic properties. 

Isopropyl palmitate is a nongreasy emollient with good spreading characteristics, used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics such as bath oils creams lotions make-up hair care products deodorants lip products suntan preparations and pressed powders see Table I. 

Use Cosmetic creams, hair conditioners, suntan preparations, salad oils. 

Use Medicine (local anesthetic), treatment of bums, ointments, UV absorber in suntan preparations. 

Use Weathering agent in paints and plastics, fixative in perfumes, dyes, resin intermediate, cosmetics, especially suntan preparations, flavoring. 

Use Perfumery (fixative), cosmetics (filter for suntan preparations). 

Use In creams lotions, make-up, lip products, and suntan preparations. 

Use Ointments, leather finishing, soaps, face creams, facial tissues, hair-set, and suntan preparations. 

Use Perfumery, suntan preparations, mosquito repellent, laboratory reagent, flavoring. 

Acetol 1706. [Henkel/Emeiy/Cospha] Cetyl acetate, acetylated lanolin alcohol water repellent emollient penetrant andcosolv. use m suntan preparations and baby prods. 

USE Has been used to promote tanning in suntan preparations. 

Products and Uses Frequently in suntan preparations as an ultraviolet (UV) absorber. Precautions Could cause allergic reactions. 

Products and Uses A fixative and filter in preparations for perfumes, toiletries, cosmetics, suntan preparations, oils, lotions, mousses, and gels. 

Products and Uses The oil produced by hair glands in sheep. Used in ointments, leather polishes, face creams, facial tissue, hairdressing products, cosmetics, lipstick, mascara, rouge, eyeshadow, and suntan preparations. Lanolin anhydrous is used in chewing gum as a base. Primarily, it is a moisturizer. 

Products and Uses A chemical used in perfumes, suntan preparations, lipstick, mosquito repellent, and pediculicide (kills lice). In other concentrations it is used as a floral flavoring agent in food products. 

Skin reactions have been reported to occur in about 5% of patients treated with chlorpromazine (Byck 1975), although in other series the incidence is as low as 0.5% (Miller and Greenblatt 1976). Skin manifestations usually appear between the first and fifth week of treatment. Types of skin reactions include urticaria, maculopapular rash, petechial rash (due to vasculitis), erythema multiforme, photosensitivity dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. About 30% of individuals treated with moderate or large doses of chlorpromazine over a sustained period of time develop photosensitivity (Pillsbury and Caro 1966). Photosensitivity may be prevented or minimized by the use of suntan preparations containing p-amino-benzoic acid. Reports of an association of chlorpromazine with SLE (Becker 1973) are rare and if a true association exists, it must be extremely unusual. 

Tetramethylthiuram disulfide, a well-known sensitizer among rubber accelerators, is also a disinfectant in some soaps, wound sprays (e. g., Nobecutan), suntan preparations, and antibiotic preparations. 

Properties Colorless vise, oil sweet odor Precaution Combustible Uses Perfumery (fixative), cosmetics (filter for suntan preparations)... 

Formerly used extensively used in high-quality perfumes (especially eau de cologne), aromatherapy oils, creams, lotions, suntanning preparations to stimulate melanin production, and in soaps, with use levels up to 0.25% in creams and lotions and 3% in perfumes (evans martindale). ... 

Aesculin is found in the leaves and bark of the horse chestnut. It is used as a skin protectant in suntanning preparations. 

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