From Streptococcus

The type-specific capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 5 contains 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy- -D-x>>/o-hexopyranosyl-4-ulose residues (17). Sugar nucleotides of hexos-4-uloses are important intermediates in the transformation of sugars during the biosynthesis, but this is the only known example of such a sugar as a polysaccharide component. 

Mutans streptococci are the major pathogenic organisms of dental caries in humans. The pathogenicity is closely related to production of extracellular, water-insoluble glucans from sucrose by glucosyltransferase and acid release from various fermentable sugars. Poly(catechin) obtained by HRP catalyst in a phosphate buffer (pH 6) markedly inhibited glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus sorbrinus 6715, whereas the inhibitory effect of catechin for this enzyme was very low. 

W. R. Figures and J. R. Edwards, a-D-Glucopyranosyl fluoride as a D-glucopyr-anosyl donor for a glycosyltransferase complex from Streptococcus mutans FA1, Carbohydr. Res., 48 (1976) 245-253. 

J. J. Ferretti, M. L. Gilpin, and R. R. Russell, Nucleotide sequence of a glucosyltransferase gene from Streptococcus sobrinus MFe28, J. Bacteriol., 169 (1987) 4271 1278. 

T. Fujiwara, T. Hoshino, T. Ooshima, S. Sobue, and S. Hamada, Purification, characterization, and molecular analysis of the gene encoding glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus oralis, Infect. Immun., 68 (2000) 2475-2483. 

This enzyme was recently purified from Streptococcus anginosus and the encoding gene, led, was cloned and characterized.7 H2S is also produced by roots of Acacia x giraffae Willd. and Pithecellobium elegans Ducke and occasionally by roots of other Acacia species.8... 

O Brien, D.P. et al., Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor is important for survival from Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, Infect. Immun., 67, 595, 1999. 

Fig. 10.—13C-N.m.r. Spectrum at 68 MHz of Branched a-D-Glucan from Streptococcus mutans OMZ-176. [Solvent, DsO, pD 14, at 40° chemical shifts are based on external tetramethylsilane (8C = 0).]...

Figure 1 Peptide pheromone structures determined by NMR. (a) Structure of peptide pheromone (PinA) from Lactobacillus plantarum required for piantaricin biosynthesis. (b) Structure of peptide pheromone (ComC) from Streptococcus pneumonia required for competence deveiopment. ...

Boyle et al. (2001) used the Ciphergen SELDI protein chip to analyze the secretion and autoactivation of a cysteine protease (SpeB) from Streptococcus pyogenes that has been implicated in the onset of group A streptococcal infections and may contribute to toxic shock symptoms. SpeB could be detected at 0.75 ng protein in a 30-min assay based upon SELDI-TOF... 

The clinical manifestations of PIDs vary with the aspect of the immune system affected. In general, because of the role of antibodies in protection against bacterial infections, individuals with deficiencies in humoral immunity are particularly prone to infections from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. These individuals are also prone to infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts because of the protective role of IgA in secretions. 

Co " <5-8> (<5-8> bivalent cation required, Mg is the most commonly used, enzyme from Streptococcus lactis is also fully active with Mn and less so with Fe and Co [5]) [5]... 

Pandey, V.N. Pradhan, D.S. Reverse and forward reactions of carbamyl phosphokinase from Streptococcus faecalis R. Participation of nucleotides and reaction mechanisms. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 660, 284-292 (1981)... 

Crow, F. L. and Pritchard, G. C. 1977. Fructose 1,6 diphosphate activated lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus lactis Kinetic properties and factors affecting activation. J. Bacteriol. 131, 82-91. 

Johnson, K. G. and McDonald, I. J. 1974. (3-D-Phosphogalactosidase galactohydrolase from Streptococcus cremoris HP Purification and properties. J. BacterioL 117, 667-674. 

Thomas, T. D. 1975. Tagatose-1,6-diphosphate activation of lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus cremoris. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 63, 1035-1042. Thomas, T. D. 1976A. Activator specificity of pyruvate kinase from lactic streptococci. J. BacterioL 125, 1240-1242. 

Figure 8-21 Views of the tetrameric K+ channel from Streptococcus lividans. (A) Ribbon representation as an integral membrane protein. Aromatic amino acids on the membrane-facing surface are also shown. (B) Stereoscopic view. (C) Stereoscopic view perpendicular to that in (B) with a K+ ion in the center. From Doyle et al.366...

Not all proteins bind to antibodies in the usual binding cavity. Protein G, a cell surface protein from Streptococcus bonds to IgG molecules from many different species. Its binding site is on the outer surface of the heavy chain CH1 domain.96... 

Epimerization at C-2 of UDP-GlcNAc, leading to the UDP derivative of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose, was also observed115 118 the monosaccharide was identified as a constituent of several capsular polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumonia119-122 and Neisseria meningitidis group A (Ref. 123), the teichuronic acid of Bacillus cereus,124 and the O-specific... 

IgG-binding proteins derived from bacteria, e.g, protein A (from Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 strain) or proteins G or C (from Streptococcus, see Note 18)... 

As an example, a protein sequence of a bacterial NADH oxidase, in this case the protein sequence of a water-forming NADH oxidase from Streptococcus mutans, is submitted to a blastp search ... 

Polyfructan (inulin) of MW 30-50 million was synthesized from sucrose with fructosyltransferase (FTF, inulin sucrase from Streptococcus mutans) immobilized by photoinitiated graft copolymerization with poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) in the pores of a 3.0 pm microfiltration membrane (Hicke, 1999). 

K. Leontein, B. Lindberg, J. Lonngren, and D. J. Carlo, Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 12 A, Carbohydr. Res., 114 (1983) 257-266. 

HG Vinnicombe, JP Derrick. Dihydropteroate synthase from Streptococcus pneumoniae. characterization of substrate binding order and sulfonamide inhibition. Bio-chem Biophys Res Commun 258 752-757, 1999. 

G Laible, R Hakenbeck, MA Sicard, B Joris, JM Ghuysen. Nucleotide sequences of the pbpX genes encoding the penicillin-binding proteins 2x from Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 and a cefotaxime-resistant mutant, C506. Mol Microbiol 3 1337-1348, 1989. 

AM Di Guilmi, N Mouz, L Martin, J Hoskins, SR Jaskunas, O Dideberg, T Vernet. Glycosyltransferase domain of penicillin-binding protein 2a from Streptococcus pneumoniae is membrane associated. J Bacteriol 181 2773-2781, 1999. 

N Mouz, AM Di Guilmi, E Gordon, R Hakenbeck, O Dideberg, T Vemet. Mutations in the active site of penicillin-binding protein PBP2x from Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Biol Chem 274 19175-19180, 1999. 

RB Peery, PL Skatrud. Peptidoglycan biosynthetic murE protein from Streptococcus pneumoniae. U.S. Patent 5,712,108, Eli Lilly and Company, 1998. 

Figure 1. Diagrammatic representation of the structure of a typical molecule of the diheteroghjcan of glucose and galactose from Streptococcus faecalis (26)...

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