Fluxing agents

Ammonium Chloride. Most ammonium chloride [12125-02-9], NH Cl, is used as rice paddy fertilizer small amounts are used in dry cells and as fluxing agents (see Ammonium COMPOUNDS). 

Normally ca 50% of the coal ash is removed from the bottom of the gasifier as a quenched slag. The balance is carried overhead in the gas as droplets which are solidified when the gas is cooled with a water spray. A fluxing agent is added, if required, to the coal to lower the ash fusion temperature and increase the molten slag viscosity. 

Lithium Borates. Lithium metaborate [13453-69-5], LLBO2 2H20, is prepared from reaction of lithium hydroxide and boric acid. It is used as the fluxing agent for the matrix for x-ray fluorescence analytical techniques and in specialty glasses and enamels. The anhydrous salt melts at 847°C. 

Another large appHcation is as an ingredient in the production of charcoal briquettes. The amount of sodium nitrate used in charcoal briquette manufacture depends on the type and amount of wood and coal used. Typically charcoal briquettes contain up to almost 3% sodium nitrate. Sodium nitrate is also used in the manufacture of enamels and porcelain as an oxidizing and fluxing agent. In porcelain—enamel frits used for metal coating, the amount of sodium nitrate in a batch varies with the various metal bases to be coated, typically from about 3.8 to 7.8 wt %. 

NaF for water fluoridation, wood preservatives, the formulation of insecticides and fungicides, and use as a fluxing agent. It is also used to remove HF from gaseous Fz in the manufacture and purification of Fz-SnFz in toothpastes to prevent dental caries,... 

C 550 2300 Practically unmeltable ca. 1,5 Porous Excellent Resists nonoxidizinj acid- and basic fluxing agents... 

Other REti Alloys, None of the many other KiM containing alloys are used in steelmaking today with the possible exception of Russian alloys of which we know little. Their ferrocerium is in fact very similar to our mischmetal in most references Q) The only other PJEM compound still in use in a few U,S, shops" is called by its trade name T-compound, This mixture of REM oxides and fluorides was used during World War II as a fluxing agent for non-metallic inclusions in the early production of aircraft quality alloy steels in electric arc furnaces (22). 

The introduction of atomic absorption spectroscopy has resulted in major advances in the rapid analysis of many elements. Initially, atomic absorption was applied only to aqueous systems or to materials that could be readily solubilized. There are methods to analyze major elements in such complex materials as silicates and vitreous siliceous coal ashes (1-5). More recently, lithium metaborate has been reported to be a good fluxing agent (6) and has also been used in conjunction with atomic absorption analysis in silicate analysis (7). This paper describes a lithium tetraborate-atomic absorption analytical technique which is being used to analyze coal ash. 

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