Density , reduced

Low Density Gases. A fan may have to operate on low density gas because of temperature, altitude, gas composition (high water vapor content of the gas can be a cause of low density), reduced process pressure, or a combination of such causes. To develop a required pressure, the fan has to operate at a considerably higher speed than it would at atmospheric pressure, and hence it must operate much closer to top wheel speed. Bearing life is shorter, and the fan tends to vibrate more or can be overstressed more easily by a slight wheel unbalance. Abrasion of the blades from dust particles is more severe. Therefore, a sturdier fan is needed for low density gas service. 

Under Httle or no illumination,/ must be minimized for optimum performance. The factor B is 1.0 for pure diffusion current and approaches 2.0 as depletion and surface-mode currents become important. Generally, high crystal quality for long minority carrier lifetime and low surface-state density reduce the dark current density which is the sum of the diffusion, depletion, tunneling, and surface currents. The ZM product is typically measured at zero bias and is expressed as RM. The ideal photodiode noise current can be expressed as follows ... 

Lithium Hypochlorite. High purity, anhydrous lithium hypochlorite [13840-33-0] LiOCl, is a white, lightweight, dusty, hygroscopic, and corrosive powder. The monohydrate is free-flowing, nondusty, and of reasonable density. The presence of diluents such as salt, sodium, and potassium sulfates reduces dustiness, increases bulk density, reduces reactivity, and improves storage stabiUty. The commercial product is marketed in this form. 

Developments. Electrolytic refining requires a large capital investment, and labor costs per kilogram of copper produced are high. Most refineries have traditionally operated at current densities of about 240 A/m. Thus, a tank house area of approximately 40 m is required per ton of copper produced daily. The use of higher current densities reduces capital requirements but may impair deposition efficiency and product quaUty. 

At a certain depth, the current density reduces to Me = 0.368 of the value at the surface. This depth is termed the depth of penetration, 5p. Of the total heal generated in such conductors, alinosl 80% occurs within this depth (annulus). In other words, around 90% of the total cunenl heal generated 0.9 = 0.8 is concentrated in this area alone. This depth can be represented by... 

Both side groups and carbon-carbon double bonds can be incorporated into the polymer structure to produce highly resilient rubbers. Two typical examples are polyisoprene and polychloroprene rubbers. On the other hand, the incorporation of polar side groups into the rubber structure imparts a dipolar nature which provides oil resistance to these rubbers. Oil resistance is not found in rubber containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms (e.g. natural rubber). Increasing the number of polar substituents in the rubber usually increases density, reduces gas permeability, increases oil resistance and gives poorer low-temperature properties. 

If fuel cells could be used in transportation vehicles, it could have a major impact on worldwide consumption of petroleum. Major improvements that are needed for this to happen include increasing the efficiency of fuel cells, increasing their power density, reducing their manufacturing cost, and developing fuel cell designs capable of rapid start-up. 

M. J. Arco, J. G. Blanco, R. L. Marquez, S. M. Garavito, J. G. Tovar, A. F. Farias, and J. A. Capo. Field application of glass bubbles as a density-reducing agent. In Proceedings Volume, pages 115-126. Annu SPE Tech Conf (Dallas, TX, 10/1-10/4), 2000. 

Stereodefects reduce the overall regularity of an isotactic polymer chain and hinder its ability to crystallize. As the concentration of defects increases, the degree of crystallinity falls, resulting in reduced density, reduced melting temperatures, lower heat distortion temperatures, reduced modulus, and reduced yield stress. 

These expectations came true. Once developed, SLC1015 demonstrated increased packing density, reduced surface area and the preliminary results about its abuse tolerance performance are extremely encouraging. 

Under the conditions of maximum localization of the Fermi hole, one finds that the conditional pair density reduces to the electron density p. Under these conditions the Laplacian distribution of the conditional pair density reduces to the Laplacian of the electron density [48]. Thus the CCs of L(r) denote the number and preferred positions of the electron pairs for a fixed position of a reference pair, and the resulting patterns of localization recover the bonded and nonbonded pairs of the Lewis model. The topology of L(r) provides a mapping of the essential pairing information from six- to three-dimensional space and the mapping of the topology of L(r) on to the Lewis and VSEPR models is grounded in the physics of the pair density. 

Anisotropicity increase with increasing i, V Both , W increases with V Pore density reduces with V Dendritic PS formation possible... 

Solutions in hand for the reference pairs, it is useful to write out empirical smoothing expressions for the rectilinear densities, reduced density differences, and reduced vapor pressures as functions of Tr and a, following which prediction of reduced liquid densities and vapor pressures is straightforward for systems where Tex and a (equivalently co) are known. If, in addition, the critical property IE s, ln(Tc /Tc), ln(PcVPc), and ln(pcVPc), are available from experiment, theory, or empirical correlation, one can calculate the molar density and vapor pressure IE s for 0.5 < Tr < 1, provided, for VPIE, that Aa/a is known or can be estimated. Thus to calculate liquid density IE s one uses the observed IE on Tc, ln(Tc /Tc), to find (Tr /Tr) at any temperature of interest, and employs the smoothing relations (or numerically solves Equation 13.1) to obtain (pR /pR). Since (MpIE)R = ln(pR /pR) = ln[(p /pc )/(p/pc)] it follows that ln(p7p)(MpIE)R- -ln(pcVpc). For VPIE s one proceeds similarly, substituting reduced temperatures, critical pressures and Aa/a into the smoothing equations to find ln(P /P)RED and thence ln(P /P), since ln(P /P) = I n( Pr /Pr) + In (Pc /Pc)- The approach outlined for molar density IE cannot be used to rationalize the vapor pressure IE without the introduction of isotope dependent system parameters Aa/a. 

Therefore, using expression (270) for the density, reducing y into p according to Eq. (267) and applying the definition (162) of the kinetic energy tensor, we obtain from Eq. (296)... 

In general the foam density reduces as the amount of blowing agent is increased, with a lower limit set by foam stability. It is possible to model the factors which affect the final density Mahapatro and co-workers (206) used a regular Kelvin foam model to analyse the expansion of PE foams. The foam has uniform sized cells, each with eight hexagonal faces and four square... 

P. Ziesche, Cumulant expansions of reduced densities, reduced density matrices, and Green s functions, in Many-Electron Densities and Reduced Density Matrices, (J. Cioslowski, ed.). Plenum, New York, 2000, p. 33. 

In the new coordinate system, the x axis coincides with one of the vertical mirror planes of the density, reducing the size of M 1 from 5 x 5 to 4 x 4. 

The bulk density of the powder inside the die is called the fill density, Djm. A high fill density reduces both the air content in the powder and the distance the punch needs to travel to further compress the powder during pressing. Poor powder flowability... 

Use of ethanol as a co-solvent with SC-CO2 enhances the extraction of cholesterol from dried muscle foods. High extraction pressure coupled with multiple separation vessels for gradual reduction of SC-CO2 density reduces the separation time necessary for separating cholesterol from beef tallow using less CO2 than extractions at lower pressure. Ethanol is a good co-solvent used with SC-CO2 for separating cholesterol from other lipids in beef tallow. 

Finally, we make a terminological remark. In a one-dimensional locally electro-neutral system the expression (1.11b) for the electric current density reduces to... 

Methane has the narrowest limits so that a shot in which a large amount of this gas is generated is unlikely to produce a secondary flame. A high pressure in the bore favours the formation of a large proportion of methane (p. 533), hence a high charge density reduces the probability of the secondary flame. 

CA 68r 5l486z(1968) [lnorg oxidizer salt expl compns contg paper sheet particles as pouring density reducers, are described. 

In the special case that only one X corresponds to each Y (and hence necessarily r = s one may invert (5.1) to give X = g(Y). In that case the transformation of the probability density reduces to... 

L1364H- IXLCSNB reduced current density, reduced channel expression (temperature dependent), increased rate of inactivation, increased rate of recovery from inactivation (Hoda et al., 2006)... 

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