Reduced bulk density

The airlift fermenter relies on air as the principal means of achieving various transport requisites. It is composed of a vertical cylindrical vessel and a concentric draft tube into which air or other suitable oxidation gases are injected (see Fig. 2). Reduced bulk density causes the contents of the central riser to move upward. This action displaces the contents of the... 

The bulk density is a mass of a unit volume of soil 1 cm ) in the natural spatial arrangement of the soil, expressed in g cm. It depends on the specific mass and on the porosity, i.e. on the air and water content in the soil. Thus, it is possible to consider the non-reduced bulk density, corresponding to a certain soil volume including its actual moisture and reduced bulk density, which is determined after drying the soil sample at 105°C. 

FIG. 6 Same as the local density in Fig. 1. except that the reduced bulk density here is 0,81 and the wall separation is 1 la. (From Ref. 49.)... 

Figure 7 Predicted surface pressure by MFMT (solid line) and original FMT (dashed line) as a function of the separation H between two parallel hard walled filled with HS fluid with reduced bulk density =0.7. The symbols are from simulation.TifterV u and Wu...

Figure 11 The ionic density profiies of a 1 2 eiectroiytes neara neutral surface predicted by different version of DFT and by MC simulation (A) cations with diameter c/+ =4.25 A andvaienceZ+ =1, and (B) anions with diameter c/ = 2.0 A and valence Z =—2.The reduced temperature T =0.28 and reduced bulk densities are p =4.82 x 10 and / .=9.64x. After Jiang et at. (2014).

The light weight of these products reduces user s shipping costs and conserves energy in transportation. These products are reusable, a key property from economic, ecological, and energy conservation standpoints. Most products are available in bulk densities of 4.0 to 4.8 kg/m (0.25 to 0.30 lb/fT). Average price is about 1.50 per pound from the manufacturer. 

Because they are fine and light, dusting problems might occur and therefore careful housekeepiag is necessary. Most carbon blacks are peUetized, which not only reduces dusting problems, but because of the higher bulk density, peUetization also lowers the cost of shipping. 

Lithium Hypochlorite. High purity, anhydrous lithium hypochlorite [13840-33-0] LiOCl, is a white, lightweight, dusty, hygroscopic, and corrosive powder. The monohydrate is free-flowing, nondusty, and of reasonable density. The presence of diluents such as salt, sodium, and potassium sulfates reduces dustiness, increases bulk density, reduces reactivity, and improves storage stabiUty. The commercial product is marketed in this form. 

The bulk density of powdered diatomite varies from 112 to 320 kg/m. The tme specific gravity of diatomite is 2.1 to 2.2, the same as for opaline sihca, or opal (1). The thermal conductivity of bulk quantities of diatomite is low but increases with higher percentages of impurities and a higher density. The fusion point depends on the purity but averages about 1430°C for pure material, which is slightly less than for pure siUca. The addition of chemical agents, such as soda ash, reduces the fusion point. 

Foam Insulation Since foams are not homogeneous materials, their apparent thermal conductivity is dependent upon the bulk density of tne insulation, the gas used to foam the insulation, and the mean temperature of the insulation. Heat conduction through a foam is determined by convection and radiation within the cells and by conduction in the solid structure. Evacuation of a foam is effective in reducing its thermal conductivity, indicating a partially open cellular structure, but the resulting values are stiU considerably higher than either multilayer or evacuated powder insulations. 

Crushing, selective particle size packing or hydraulic compaction can be used to reduce interparticle void space and increase the bulk density within the storage tank to approach the particle density of the carbon. Even with these extreme methods of packing, the fraction of the vessel which is micropore is never greater than 0.50 for any commercial carbon, considerably short of the 0.70 which is necessary for 170 V/V storage. 

The density of simple ions near the water/vapor interface in simulated films of water is reduced relative to the bulk density [74-76]. The depletion... 

As indicated, pig iron production requires input of a reducing agent. Stahlwerke Bremen uses plastic waste as a substitute for fuel oil. Plastics are injected into the blast furnace in a similar way to coal powder or fuel oil. In order to remove fibres and metal particles a separation takes place. Large particles are separated via a screen of > 18 mm. The smaller plastic waste particles (< 18 mm) go to the injection vessel. There, an injection pressure of about 0.5 MPa is built up. Via a pneumatic process the plastics can be dosed and discharged into the blast furnace. The bulk density of the plastics has to be 0.3 tonnes/m. ... 

---