Decellularization

Initially, natural decellularized arterial (ECM) was previously used as a scaffold however, this material was found to form matrices too tight for cellular migration when seeded with cells (36). To create more porous scaffolds, pure elastin and pure collagen scaffolds derived from arterial ECM were generated. The elastin scaffolds exhibited 120 pm infiltration of fibroblast cells in vitro and in vivo models showed improved cell infiltration and repopulation of the scaffold... 

A.P. Price, K.A. England, A.M. Matson, B.R. Blazar, A. Panoskalt-sis-Mortari, Development of a decellularized lung bioreactor system for bioengineering the lung the matrix reloaded. Tissue Eng. Part A 16 (2010) 2581-2591. 

J.S. Choi, et al., Decellularized extracellular matrix derived from human adipose tissue as a potential scaffold for allograft tissue engineering, J Biomed Mater Res A 97 (2011) 292-299. 

B.S. Kim, J.S. Choi, J.D. Kim, Y.C. Choi, Y.W. Cho, Recellular-ization of decellularized human adipose-tissue-derived extracellular matrix sheets with other human cell types. Cell Tissue Res. 348 (2012) 559-567. 

D.A. Young, D.O. Ibrahim, D. Hu, K.L. Christman, Injectable hydrogel scaffold from decellularized human lipoaspirate, Acta Biomater. 7 (2011) 1040-1049. 

L.E. Flynn, The use of decellularized adipose tissue to provide an inductive microenvironment for the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Biomaterials 31 (2010) 4715-4724. 

C. Yu, et al.. Porous decellularized adipose tissue foams for soft tissue regeneration, Biomatmals 34 (2013) 3290-3302. 

L. Flynn, J.L. Semple, K.A. Woodhouse, Decellularized placental matrices for adipose tissue engineering, J Biomed Mater Res A 79 (2006) 359-369. 

M.T. Wolf, K.A. Daly, E.P. Brennan-Pierce, S.A. Johnson, C.A. Carruthers, A. D Amore, S.P. Nagarkar, S.S. Velankar, S.F. Badylak, A hydrogel derived from decellularized dermal extracellular matrix, Biomaterials 33 (29) (2012) 7028-7038. 

Rapid biofabrication of tubular tissue construct by centrifugal casting in a decellularized natural scaffold with laser-machined icropores , J Mater Sci Mater Med, 20, 329-37. 

SIS (small intestinal submucosa) Decellularized extracellular matrix Surgery, tissue engineering... 

Lung Provides oxygen and ejqiels carbon dioxide Asthma Pulmonary edema Decellularized ECM TRPV 4 blockers... 

Schaner PJ, Martin ND, Tulenko TN, Shapiro IM, Tarola NA, Leichter RF, et al. Decellularized vein as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. J Vase Surg 2004 40 146-53. 

Given the diversity of potential tissue sources, it may come as a surprise that the number of source tissues used in current soft tissue repair products is quite limited. The vast majority of products in the maricetplace are manufactured using demtis, the innermost layers of the skin, or pericardium, the thin fibrous sac surrounding the heart other sources include porcine small intestinal submucosa and human fascia lata. The number of species from which tissues are harvested is also limited. Dennis is obtained predominately from hnman, porcine, and bovine somces. Pericardium is conunonly from bovine, porcine, and equine sources. Recently, a new product has been approved in the United States and the European Union for use in wounds that is made from fish dermis" and another made from decellularized porcine liver (MiroMesh, MhoMatrix, Inc.) has been approved for use in soft tissue repair. 

It is worth noting that early in Ihe history of tissue processing for implantation, decellularization was generally incomplete. In these instances, the antigenicity of the tissue was reduced via a different method one simultaneously intended to render the tissue inert to normal physiologic degradation (ie, chemical crosslinking). 

Magnusson S, Baldursson BT, Kjartansson H, Thorlacius GE, Axelsson I, Rolfsson O, et al. Decellularized fish skin characteristics that support tissue repair. Icel Med J December 2015 101 567-73. 

Crapo PM, Gilbert TW, Badylack SF. An overview of tissue and whole organ decellular-ization processes. Biomaterials 2011 32(12) 3233-43. 

Meyer SR, Chiu B, Churchill TA, Zhu L, Lakey JR, Ross DB. Comparison of aortic valve allograft decellularization techniques in the ra.t. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006 79(2) 254-62. 

Moroni F, Mirabells T. Decellularized matrices for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Am J Stem Cells 2014 3(l) l-20. 

Petro CC, Prabhu AS, Majumder A, Anderson JM, Zender C. An in vivo analysis of Miromesh - a novel non-crosslinked decellularized porcine liver prosthetic. J Am Coll Surg 2015 221(4) S65. 

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