Porous scaffold

A tissue engineering scaffold Porous scaffold for cell, tissue, or organ growth [52] ... 

Small chiral molecules. These CSPs were introduced by Pirkle about two decades ago [31, 32]. The original brush -phases included selectors that contained a chiral amino acid moiety carrying aromatic 7t-electron acceptor or tt-electron donor functionality attached to porous silica beads. In addition to the amino acids, a large variety of other chiral scaffolds such as 1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes [33] and cinchona alkaloids [34] have also been used for the preparation of various brush CSPs. 

The PGS obtained by Wang and coworkers was a kind of thermoset elastomer with the Young s modulus of 0.282 0.025 MPa, a tensile strain of at least 267 zE 59.4%, and a tensUe strength was at least 0.5 MPa. The mechanical properties of PGS were well consisted with that of some common soft tissues. Although PGS is a thermoset polymer, its prepolymer can be processed into various shapes by solving it in common organic solvents such as 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, ethanol, and iV,M-dimethylformamide. Porous scaffolds can be fabricated by salt leaching. 

The cylindrical porous scaffolds based on TMC-DLLA copolymers were prepared by salt-leaching method. Two-ply porous nerve guides were prepared by a combination of dip-coating (inner layer) and fiber-winding (outer layer) techniques. 

Improved characterization of the morphological/microstructural properties of porous solids, and the associated transport properties of fluids imbibed into these materials, is crucial to the development of new porous materials, such as ceramics. Of particular interest is the fabrication of so-called functionalized ceramics, which contain a pore structure tailored to a specific biomedical or industrial application (e.g., molecular filters, catalysts, gas storage cells, drug delivery devices, tissue scaffolds) [1-3]. Functionalization of ceramics can involve the use of graded or layered pore microstructure, morphology or chemical composition. 

Fig. 1.6 (A and B) Scanning electron micro- implantation in the bone marrow showing for-graphs of the porous hydroxyapatite-collagen mation of new bone (white asterisk) attached nanocomposite scaffolds at different magnifi- directly to the nanocomposite (asterisk). Arrows cations. Arrowheads in B indicate the hydroxy- indicate cuboidal osteoblasts on the surface of apatite nanocrystals on the collagen fibrils. new bone. Adapted from [94], reproduced by Histology at (C) 1 week and (D) 4 weeks after permission of Wiley-VCH.

Watanabe J, Eriguchi T, Ishihara K (2002) Cell adhesion and morphology in porous scaffold based on enantiomeric poly(lactic acid) graft-type phospholipid polymers. Biomacromolecules 3 1375-1383... 

A method was recently developed to deliver plasmid DNA locally to cells involved in wound repair (Bonadio et al., 1999 Fang et al., 1996 Shea et al., 1999). The technique involves the introduction of a porous, biodegradable polymer matrix into the wound site (Bonadio et al., 1998). The scaffold (a gene activated matrix, or GAM), in its simplest form comprises plasmid DNA and the polymer matrix (Bonadio, 2000). Naked... 

H. Adeli, S. H. S. Zein, S. H. Tan, H. M. Akil, A. L. Ahmad, Synthesis, characterization and biodegradation of novel poly(L-lactide)/multiwalled carbon nanotube porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications., Current Nanoscience, vol. 7, pp. 323-333,2011. 

Figure 27. Human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells in cultures on porous (A) or fibrous (B) poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds. A A summarizing picture of horizontal optical sections. The depth of cell ingrowth into the pores (average pore diameter of 400-600 mm) is indicated by spectral colors (blue 0-60 mm, green 80-160 mm, yellow 180-220 mm, orange 240-300 mm, red 320-400 mm, violet 420-480 mm). Day 14 after seeding, cells stained with propidium iodide. B cells grown for 4 days in static culture followed by 2 days in dynamic perfusion cell culture system. Cell membrane stained with Texas Red C2-maleimide and the nuclei counterstained with Hoechst 33342. Leica TCS SP2 confocal microscope, objective 5x (A) or lOx (B) [37].

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