Database hosting

Inventory of activities The lOCC has established an Inventory of Activities database hosted by OECD. This provides a calender of events, and details of relevant activities of each PO, including a short description of the activities undertaken, with an indication of the relevant program areas of Chapter 19, Agenda 2, to which the work contributes. The title of each activity, the responsible lOMC PO for implementation, any partners involved, the objectives of the work, outputs, geographical coverage, and relevant contact point are also provided. 

Both Pubchem and ChemBank are publicly available over the Internet as such they can be considered successors to the databases hosted at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The NCI data set contains more than 250,000 molecules together with biological activity obtained from their anti-cancer and HIV screens. For many years this data set was the only one of any significant size available publicly and as such it has been widely used to test new data-mining approaches [8]. 

Redundancy is a term often confused with resilience. In effect, redundancy is a strategy one may choose to implement in pursuit of a resilient system. It can be defined as the Provision of multiple components or mechanisms to achieve the same function such that failure of one or more of the components or mechanisms does not prevent the performance of the function [3]. In other words redundancy represents the inclusion of additional hardware or functionality which might not be critically required during normal operation but is seamlessly available should it be called upon in situations of failure. For example, one might choose to operate a system with not one but two databases hosted in different geographical locations and synchronised in real time. Should one fail the system can be designed to automatically revert to the alternative without any obvious impact on the user. 

In figure 5 we see an overview of the system architecture. The Sensor-Network at the elderly side collects raw data that are pulled from the ADL-State Extractor. The ADL-State Extractor abstracts in software terms the sensors and interprets the collected signals to predefined ADL states. These states are time-stamped and pushed to the ADL-State Database Host where they are stored in a database for later process. When it is needed (e.g., on request, or on specific intervals), the ADL-Semantics Extractor pulls the corresponding states from the database, filters and transforms them to an ADL journal that is described in a XML-semantics file. Depending on the configuration, the XML data are pushed to, or pulled by the Presentation Server, which does the final transformation to HTML code. The location of Presentation Server is resolved from a Point to Point Server that redirects the Client requests to the resolved URL. 

The states that are extracted from the ADL-state-extraction components are stored in a database at the ADL-State Database Host as a sequence of states. This sequence however may contain logical errors, or reliability errors that cannot be addressed from... 

Figure 168 shows the relation between the original document, the CA printed and online services and the database hosts. 

More than 10 000 databases exist that provide a small or large amount of data on various topics (including chemistry). The contents in databases are supplied by approximately 3500 database developers (e.g., the Chemical Abstracts Service, MDL Information Systems, etc.). Since there is a variety of topics from economics to science, as well as a variety of structures of the database, only some of the vendors (-2000) offer one or more databases as either local or as online databases (Figure 5-4) [4]. Usually, databases are provided by hosts that permit direct access to more than one database. The search occurs primarily through different individual soft-... 

Figure 5-4. Databases can be classified as online (1), provided by a host, and in-house (local) (2),...

EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory) [33] is a nucleotide sequence database provided from the online host EBl. Release 73 (December, 2002) consists of over 20 million nucleotide sequences with more than 28 billion nucleotides. The information includes sequence name, species, sequence length, promoter, taxonomy, and nucleic acid sequence. 

The database is produced by the European Patent Office and is provided by the host FIZ Karlsruhe (Germany). 

Database Producer Content Type Size (records) Source Access (host) AvaDability (Price) Update URL... 

Stmcture searching and display software are host-specific. The Softon Substmcture Search System (S4) was developed by the Beilstein Institute and Softon of Graefelfing Germany (50). It is a full stmcture and substmcture searching module. The S4 is used in-house by the Beilstein Institute and is operated by DIALOG. STN uses CAS ONLINE s messenger software for on-line stmcture searching of the Beilstein on-line database (51). 

EPIDOS issues printed and microfiche compilations of its data in addition, its database can be searched on its own computer or on several on-line host systems. In general, EPIDOS provides the most complete patent family information of any service, although Derwent tends to include more information on inteUectual (nonconvention) famUies, whereas the Erench Patent Office s EDOC file on the Questel system includes information on... 

Searching of one or more on-line databases is a technique increasingly used ia novelty studies. The use of such databases enables the searcher to combine indexing parameters, including national and international classifications natural language words ia the full text of patents, ia their claims, or ia abstracts suppHed by iaventor and by professional documentation services and indexing systems of various sorts. Because the various patent databases have strengths and weaknesses that complement each other, the use of multiple databases is thus pmdent, and is faciUtated by multifile and cross-file techniques provided by the various on-line hosts. 

EDOC, available on the Questel host from INPI, is unique among non-Japanese language databases in including information on C-stage Japanese patents, ie, those that have successfiiUy weathered the pregrant opposition period and been sealed as patents under pre-1966 patent law. It also contains some information on patent family relationships from the period long before the advent of patent family databases. 

Full-Text Patent Databases. The LEXPAT database on the LEXIS— NEXIS system, the first commercially available full-text patent file, receives its greatest use from patent attorneys and has been relatively unused by other patent information speciaUsts. This may be attributed to search software that is quite different from the type familiar to information speciaUsts, no matter what their preferred host system. This situation has changed with dialog s release of the PATEULL files followed by STN s USPATEULL, both searchable by familiar Boolean techniques and featuring greater... 

Orders can be made by post, fax, telephone, e-mail, on-line via the website database (http //www.polymerlibrary.com), or through an online host. 

Raw data is almost always incomplete, being highly dependent on the data production platform and often localized to a platform or regional database. Applications (and processes) generate data. However, applications often use proprietary data types and cannot parse data types from other third-party applications. It is important to consider that there are translation issues plus the host of reasons stated below in the requirements for data standards. 

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