Databases produce

Medline covers primarily biomedical literature, containing more than 13 million citations (October, 2002) of articles from more than 4600 journals published since 1958 [18]. The database covers basic biomedical research, clinical sciences, dentistry, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, pre-clinical sciences, and life science. Medline, a subset of PubMed, is a bibliographic database produced by the US Nationcil Library of Medicine (NLM). The database is available free of charge via SciFinder Scholar or PubMed [19]. 

Database Producer Content Type Size (records) Source Access (host) AvaDability (Price) Update URL... 

Database Producers. Producers of databases, also known as database pubHshers or information providers, determine the content of the databases, produce them, and typically lease or Hcense them to private organi2ations or database vendors. Database producers may be categori2ed as government, not-for-profit, commercial/industrial, and mixed. 

Size of the database industry can be measured in terms of the number of database records, databases, database entries in CRDB, database producers, database vendors, or online searches. Growth in number of database entries, databases, producers, and vendors is plotted in Figure 1. The slowest growth is at the vendor level, the fastest growth is in database files. 

Many database producers provide online access to thek databases or distribute thek databases on compact disc read-only-memory (CD-ROM) and so are also considered vendors or producer/vendors. Whereas numerical growth in vendors is indicated (Fig. 1), the success of the database industry is largely a result of the transition of the information industry from paper-based to computer-based services (see Computer technology Informiation RETRIEVAL, Inforitation STORAGE MATERIALS). Thus industry growth can also be measured in terms of the increase in use of computer-readable databases as exemplified by the number of searches. 

Producers. The producers of databases are sometimes called database publishers because they make pubHc their databases. Some producers pubhsh hardcopy counterparts to databases and so are pubHshers in the traditional sense others pubHsh data only in electronic form. Database producers are responsible both for the deterrnination of content and for database production. Most producers offer their databases for lease or Hcense to private organisations or database vendors. Vendors offer database search services to the marketplace on a fee basis. An increasing number of producer/vendors such as Mead Data Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine, and DRI/McGraw-HiU. (formerly Data Resources), offer search services (batch or online) from their own databases as well as from the databases of other products. 

Although government databases have decreased percentagewise, many commercial databases are built on government data. Census data, for example, are collected at considerable governmental expense. Commercial database producers can take these data, add value to them, and then resell this information as a commercial database product. 

Producers who serve as vendors for their own databases are more numerous than vendors that offer services from databases produced by other organizations. More than 650 producer/vendors plus some 270 traditional commercial database vendors are Hsted in CRDB(l). Only those vendors that offer search services or distribute CD-ROMs for databases other than their own come under this vendor classification (1). Vendors that offer services solely from databases they themselves produce are Hsted as database producers. 

Thermo-Calc (Sundman et al. 1985, Andersson et al. 2002). ft features a wide spectrum of thermodynamic models, databases and modules making it possible to perform calculations on most problems involving phase equilibria (phase transformation, stable and metastable equilibria, etc.). The calculations are performed using databases produced by an expert evaluation of experimental data. There are thermodynamic databases available for many different systems and applications. 

By definition assessed databases are focused, usually on material types. The recent A1-, Ni- and Ti-databases (Saunders 1996a-c) and, to a large degree, the Fe-databases produced by KTH in Stockholm are good examples. They contain up to 15 elements and have been designed for use within the composition space associated with the different material types. All, or most, of the critical binary and... 

APIPAT. This is the patent database produced by the American Petroleum Institute and covers patents from 1964 of interest to the petrochemical industry, including petroleum refining, pollution control, uses of petrochemicals, and catalysts. Enhanced indexing includes terms applied from a hierarchical thesaurus with automatic posting to the broader terms in the hierarchy. Fragments called chemical aspects are linked to describe each compound, and the compounds are further linked to roles (eg, reactant or product) and use (eg, antioxidant or lubricant). ORBIT provides access to a merged APIPAT/WPI file, which allows searchers to draw on the strengths of both databases without the need to search them separately (95). 

Sequence similarity search tools Alignments of the query sequence with databases produce sequence similarity. The BLAST series of programs has variants that will translate DNA databases, translate the input sequence, or both. FASTA provides a similar suite of programs. 

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