Data bases bibliographic

This review and research were supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service research grant DA 02632 and AA 05122. Mr. J.T. Sopko provided expert assistance in preparing the illustrations, the computerized bibliographic data base, as well as in conducting the experimental work. 

Medline. The Medline data base, which comes from the National Library of Medicine, is a superb, indispensable reference library that is particularly strong in its wide coverage of research activities in the biomedical literature. It also encompasses the areas of clinical medicine, health policy, and health care services. Each year, over 300,000 articles are reviewed and indexed into the data base. The full bibliographic citations of these articles, usually including the abstract of the published work, are available from numerous vendors in CD-ROM format and are usually updated on a monthly basis. 

The disconnections are transferred along with all the information they possess, including restrictions, bibliographic references, etc. It is also possible to transfer disconnections which form part of a sequence, but they must be transferred as individual disconnections. It is not possible to transfer a whole sequence at once you must transfer disconnection by disconnection and "link" once more the individual disconnections in the new data base. 

J. Proton Affinity Retrieval Prograno. With the current high level of interest in chemical ionization mass spectrometry, there is a need for a reliable file of gas phase proton affinities. No data base of this sort has previously been assembled and for these reasons, the task of gathering and evaluating all published gas phase proton affinities has been undertaken by Rosenstock and co-workers at NBS. This file [28], which has about 400 critically evaluated gas phase proton affinities drawn from the open literature, and can be searched on the basis of compound type or the proton affinity value. It will be appended to the MSSS and the bibliographic component will be merged with the Mass Spectrometry Bulletin Search System. 

In an effort to avoid reproducing indexing errors from other systems, hard copy of all articles selected for inclusion into the data base is always obtained before information is entered into the ETIC file. When a complete copy of an article is in hand, the bibliographic data are entered into the computer. The fields that are entered include the author, title, citation, literature type, language or translation notes, secondary source, and selected abstracts. The technical staff then indexes the data using experimental parameters that allow searching in a variety of ways specific to the interests of the users. Only that portion of the paper concerned with teratology or... 

NTIS Bibliographic Data Base, National Technical Information Service, Washington, DC. 

The second and more detailed section of the chapter discusses the scientific literature data bases relevant to the process of labeling in the chemical industry. It provides information with respect to services readily available to the labeler directly including libraries, chemical references and bibliographical sources for toxicological and medical information. The importance of the computerized literature retrieval system is discussed in detail because of its ability to increase the comprehensiveness and the efficiency of the search, especially for material involving hazardous chemical data in general and toxicological information in particular. 

Bibliographic Retrieval Services (BRS) The Bibliographic Retrieval Services, Inc. of Scotia, New York also offer efficient access to several data bases that are relevant to chemical industry needs. BRS offers an on-line version of Chemical Abstracts CA search under the file label CHEM. Often a CHEM search can be supplemental with other BRS data bases. One can use the CROS file, which provides an index to all data bases on-line at BRS. BRS data bases include NTIS, Science SCISEARCH Citation Index, the Smithsonian Information Exchange (SMIE), and BIOSIS Previews. All are described in the previous section. A few of the MEDLARS data bases are available from BRS, as well as a data base called Pharmaceutical News Index that covers drug industry news. 

Taking all factors into account, NCBI uses four core data elements bibliographic citations, DNA sequences, protein sequences, and three-dimensional structures. In addition, two projects (taxonomy and genome maps) are more interpretive but nonetheless are so important as organizing and linking resources that NCBI has built a considerable base in these areas as well. 

Another major characteristic of front end systems briefly mentioned in the context of query uploading is the ability to perform query translation. In general, each host computer uses its own own command language and, particularly in the field of bibliographic and other textual data bases, a query translator is desirable to ensure that a particular query can be searched against the many and varied relevant files on diverse host computers. In chemical structure systems, the only query translator available to date is TopFrag... 

A number of bibliographic data bases exist which can provide references to data on both levels and effects. These include BIOSIS, TOXLINE, MEDLINE, CANCERLINE, NIOSHTIC, EMIC, ETIC, and ENERGYLINE. These systems are all publicly available and provide a means of surveying the available literature for existing data sources. 

Bibliographic data bases that can provide literature references to data on both exposure levels and ecosystem effects include Agricultural On-Line Access, Oceanic Abstracts. Pollution Abstracts, ENVIROLINE, NTIS, and BIOSIS. All of these systems are publicly available. 

List of more than 1100 bibliographic data and numerical data bases of all fields including online access within Europe. 

In category (B) we arc prepari a computerized data base of bibliographic and numerical critical experiment data. The bibliographic data help us to identify relevant experiments to enter into the numerical data tase. The numerical data base contains descriptions of a variety of critical measurements and has provisions for feedback of results Of calculations into the data base. 

Various permuted indices and concordances on authors, ates, and key words or phrases mihe title and abstract assist the user in locating wanted data.. The bibliographic data are stored and presented according to stsmdardized formats. This feature is of considerable help to tte usw itrhis search of the indices and concordances. When a document is thm located, the user may then turn to an expanded listing of the records and obtain the abstract and furdier information. Based on this material, he may decide to get. the full-text report. Examples of the types of listings available will be presented, one of which is shown in Fig. 1.. ... 

The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to about 50,000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible via a CD-ROM NATO Science and Technology Disk with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French, and German ( WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies, Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM contains the AGARD Aerospace Database. 

XML forms the basic standard, with a wide range of tools available for data access and manipulation (linking, parsing, filtering, transforming, etc.). Text documents coded in XML are annotated with additional data for bibliographic information on the base of the Dublin Core Standard (Weibel, 2(XX)). The DocBook-standard (Walsh and Muellner, 1999) is the base for standardization of the document-structure. A standardized structure allows a modular storage and access of documents. 

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