Cytokines regulation

Historically, many cytokines were discovered by means of their immunoregulatory properties, hence, the term interleukins. However, cytokines regulate not only functions of the specific immune system, but also many... 

Meager A (1999) Cytokine regulation of ceUular adhesion molecule expression in inflammation. Cytokine Growth Eactor Rev 10(l) 27-39... 

Tran PB, Ren D, Veldhouse TJ, Miller RJ (2004) Chemokine receptors are expressed widely by embryonic and adult neural progenitor cells. J Neurosci Res 76 20-34 Tran PB, Banisadr G, Ren D, Chenn A, Miller RJ (2007) Chemokine receptor expression by neural progenitor cells in neurogenic regions of mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 500 1007-1033 U eyler N, Sommer C (2008) Cytokine regulation in animal models of neuropathic pain and in human diseases. Neurosci Lett 437 194-198... 

Morphine and HlV-Tat increase nucrogUal-free radical production and oxidative stress possible role in cytokine regulation. J Neurochem 108 202-215... 

B38. Bone, R. C., Toward a theory regarding the pathogenesis of the systemic inflammatory response sydrome What we do and do not know about cytokine regulation. Crit. Care Med. 24,163-172 (1996). 

L4. Le, J., and Vilcek, J., Interleukin 6, a multifunctional cytokine regulating immune reactions and the acute phase protein response. Lab. Invest. 61,588-602 (1989). 

N7. Niedbala, M. J., Cytokine regulation of endothelial cell extracellular proteolysis. Agents Actions Suppl. 42, 179-193 (1993). 

T Cell and Cytokine Regulation of Host Protective Immunity... 

T cell and cytokine regulation of enterocyte apoptosis may also be important in the expulsion of nematodes, in particular T. spiralis and T. muris, which inhabit an intracellular niche. Certainly an increase in the number of apoptotic cells within the epithelium is observed around the period of expulsion of T. muris in resistant mouse strains (D. Artis, C.S. Potten and R.K. Grencis, unpublished). Apoptosis of host enterocytes may dislodge the nematode or perhaps expose vital feeding organs to immune attack, and so enhance expulsion. Whether enterocyte apoptosis results from the burrowing action of the worms or a tissue repair mechanism, or is involved in expulsion, remains to be investigated. 

Finkelman, F.D., Shea-Donohue, T., Goldhill, J., Sullivan, C.A., Morris, S.C., Madden, K.B., Cause, W.C. and Urban, J.F. (1997) Cytokine regulation of host defense against parasitic gastrointestinal helminths lessons from studies with rodent models. Annual Review of Immunology 15, 505-533. 

Katona, I.M., Urban, J.F., Finkelman, F.D., Gause, W.C. and Madden, K.B. (1995) Cytokine regulation of intestinal mastocytosis in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. In Mestecky, J. et al. (eds) Advances in Mucosal Immunology. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 971-973. 

Haraldsen, G., Kvale, D., Lien, B., Farstad, I.N. and Brandtzaeg, P. (1996) Cytokine-regulated expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (IGAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VGAM-1) in human microvascular endothelial cells. Journal of Immunology 156, 2558-2565. 

The sum total of biological responses induced by the interleukins is large, varied and exceedingly complex. These cytokines regulate a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, including ... 

Splawski, J.B. and Lipsky, P.E. Cytokine regulation of immunoglobulin secretion by neonatal lymphocytes, J. Clin Invest., 88, 967,1991. 

Atsuta J, Sterbinsky SA, Plitt J, Schwiebert LM, Bochner BS, Schleimer RP (1997) Phenotyping and cytokine regulation of the BEAS-2B human bronchial... 

IL-13 TH cells Macrophages, B cells Inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, regulation of inflammation. Parasitic infections... 

Etingin OR, Hajjar DP. Evidence for cytokine regulation of cholesterol metabolism in herpesvirus-infected arterial cells by the lipoxygenase pathway. J Lipid Res 1990 31 299-305. 

LB Epstein, DM Smith, NM Matsui, HM Tran, C Sullivan, I Raineri, AL Burlingame, KR Clauser, SC Hall, LE Andrews. Identification of cytokine-regulated proteins in normal and malignant cells by the combination of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, Edman degradation and immunoblotting and approaches to the analysis of their functional roles. Electrophoresis 17 1655-1670, 1996. 

The molecular target is defined as a cytokine regulator however, it may not be new. 

Fanger NA, Voigtlaender D, Liu C, et al. Characterization of expression, cytokine regulation, and effector function of the high affinity IgG receptor Fc gamma RI (CD64) expressed on human blood dendritic cells. I Immunol 1997 158(7) 3090-8. 

Comments on the generally favorable effects of lithium on immune function have been summarized (46). The antiviral and neuroprotective properties of lithium were mentioned in a review of the immune system and bipolar disorder (47). The potential benefit of lithium in treating AIDS and AIDS-related dementia, owing in part to its cytokine-regulating and neuroprotective effects, has been reviewed (48). Genital Herpes simplex infection has responded to lithium (49). 

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