Immunoglobulins secretion

Splawski, J.B. and Lipsky, P.E. Cytokine regulation of immunoglobulin secretion by neonatal lymphocytes, J. Clin Invest., 88, 967,1991. 

Reft, M.E., Adams, K., and Anderson, D.R., Comparison of recombinant chimeric immunoglobulin secreted and purified from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and murine SP2/0 myeloma cells, in American Chemical Society Conference Recovery of Biological Products Vll, American Chemical Society, San Diego, CA, September 25-30, 1994, p. 26. 

The B-lymphocytes, when exposed to antigens mature into immunoglobulin secreting cells after proliferation, which often have the appearance of plasma cells. 

Tanaka, T., Chu, C.C. and Paul, W.E. (1992) An antisense oligonucleotide complementary to a sequence in I gamma 2b increases gamma 2b germline transcripts, stimulates B cell DNA synthesis, and inhibits immunoglobulin secretion. J. Exp. Med., 175, 597-607. 

A major stimulus to the development of serum-free media has been the desire to be able to obtain immunoglobulins secreted by hy-bridoma cells, simply by sedimenting the cells. However, low-protein media are not as effective as those containing higher levels of protein unless a significant period of adaptation is allowed. 

Plasmocytoma Extramedullary plasmocytic lymphoma likewise has its origin in immunoglobulin-secreting B-lymphocytes. It is also termed multiple myeloma. The condition occurs most frequently in 7 decade of life and ends fatally after 1-2 (-3) years. In the liver, there are sometimes sinusoidal and portal infiltrations of B-lym-phocytes and plasmocytic tumour cells nodular formation can also occur. Generally, however, liver involvement is found in 40% of cases. (47, 61) (s. fig. 38.12) Recently, patients with non-response or relapse after high-dose chemotherapy were treated successfully with thalidomide (starting with 200 mg daily, the dose was increased by 200 mg every two weeks until it reached 800 mg per day). (48, 56) Plasma cell leukaemia is a rare complicative variant which tends to have its own individual course. 

In summary, it is clear that cytokines play a critical role in the regulation of both the amount and the class of immunoglobulins secreted by B lymphocytes at mucosal surfoces. Conversely, B lymphocytes themselves may influence local cytokine synthesis by T lymphocytes, as exemplified by their differential capacity to present soluble antigens to ThI and Th2 T lymphocytes (described previously). 

Acute phase protein response, immunoglobulin secretion, T cell activation... 

In addition, the fact that several rounds of proliferation are required for the switching of polyclonally activated and immunoglobulin secreting plasmablasts [21-23] suggests that DNA rearrangement precedes the phenotypic switch. 

For the analysis of switched normal (non-transformed) immunoglobulin-secreting B cells, it has proved difficult to obtain enough cells for molecular analysis. At present it has only been possible to isolate switched progeny of many independent switching events, e.g. all cells that had switched to IgGl in a polyclonal B cell stimulation carried out using LPS. This poses an additional problem. Independent... 

There is evidence which supports the proposal that it may be possible to polyadenylate the primary IgH transcript at a membrane polyadenylation site and then subsequently cleave and polyadenylate at a secreted site. A small RNA has been described that is polyadenylated at the am polyadenylation site and that appears to have a 5 terminus close to the as site [127]. Similarly, an RNA has also been described which is polyadenylated at /j.m and contains the CmM exons but not the other exons of the /u. gene [156]. However, these RNAs have either been described in B lymphomas or in a T cell lymphoma/plasmacytoma hybrid but they have not been found - as one might more reasonably expect - in several immunoglobulin-secreting plasmacytomas analysed [127,155,156]. Therefore, the significance of sequential cleavage/polyadenylation in the generation of mRNA for the secreted form of IgH polypeptides remains unclear. 

Makori N,Tarantal AF, Lii EX, Ronrke T, Mathas ML, McChesney MB, Hendrickx AG, Miller CJ. Functional and morphological development of lymphoid tissues and immune regulatory and effector fnnction in Rhesus monkeys cytokine-secreting cells, immunoglobulin-secreting cells, and CD5+ B-1 cells appear early in fetal development. Clin Diag Lab Immnnol 2003 10 140-153. 

Jolly, C.A., Fernandez, R., Muthukumar, A.R., and Fernandes, G. (1999) Calorie Restriction Modulates Th-1 and Th-2 Cytokine-Induced Immunoglobulin Secretion in Young and Old C57BL/6 Cultured Submandibular Glands, Agmg 11, 383-389. 

Chemotaxis, aggregation, granule enz5ane release, superoxide anion release Activation of PPARa, induction of fatty acid-metabolizing enz5nnes Immunoglobulin secretion... 

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