Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Haemonchus contortus Haemonchus placei Haemonchus similis Nematodirus battus Ostertagia ostertagi Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Otostrongylus sp. Parafilaroides sp. 

Blaxter, M.L., Ingram, L. and Tweedie, S. (1994a) Sequence, expression and evolution of the globins of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 68, 1-14. 

Haley, A.J. (1966) Biology of the rat nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914). IV. Characteristics of N. brasiliensis after 1 to 40 serial passages in the Syrian hamster. Journal of Parasitology 52,109—116. 

Westcott, R.B. and Todd, A.C. (1966) Adaptation of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis to the mouse.Journal of Parasitology 52, 233-236. 

PDI isoforms have also been described in parasitic nematodes, including 0. volvulus (Wilson et al., 1994), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Tweedie et al., 1993), Ancylostoma caninum (Epe et al., 1998) and Dirofilaria immitis (Chandrashekar et al., 1998). However, their involvement in collagenfolding events in the respective organisms remains to be determined. 

Blackburn, C.C. and Selkirk, M.E. (1992a) Characterisation of the secretory acetylcholinesterases from adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 53, 79—88. 

Edwards, A.J., Burt,J.S. and Ogilvie, B.M. (1971) The effect of host immunity upon some enzymes of the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Parasitology 62, 339-347. 

Foster, N. and Lee, D.L. (1996) A vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like protein excreted/secreted by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and its effect on contraction of uninfected rat intestine. Parasitology 112, 97-104. 

Grigg, M.E., Gounaris, K. and Selkirk, M.E. (1996) Characterisation of a platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase secreted by the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. BiochemicalJournal 317, 541-547. 

Hussein, A.S., Chacon, M.R., Smith, A.M., Tosado-Acevedo, R. and Selkirk, M.E. (1999a) Cloning, expression and properties of a non-neuronal secreted acetylcholinesterase from the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 9312-9319. 

Hussein, A.S., Grigg, M.E. and Selkirk, M.E. (1999b) Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. characterisation of a somatic amphiphilic acetylcholinesterase with properties distinct from the secreted enzymes. Experimental Parasitology 91, 144-150. 

Jones, V.E. and Ogilvie, B.M. (1972) Protective immunity to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the rat. III. Modulation of worm acetylcholinesterase by antibodies. Immunology 22, 119-129. 

Lee, D.L. (1970) The fine structure of the excretory system in adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda) and a suggested function for the excretory glands . Tissue and Cell1 , 225-231. 

Sanderson, B.E., Jenkins, D.C. and Ogilvie, B.M. (1972) Nippostrongylus brasiliensis relation between immune damage and acetylcholinesterase levels. International Journal for Parasitology 2, 227-232. 

Jamaur, M.P. (1966) Cytochemical and electron microscopic studies on the pharynx and intesinal epithelium of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Journal of Parasitology 52, 1116-1128. 

Crowle, P.K. and Reed, N.D. (1981) Rejection of the parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis by mast cell deficient W/Wv anaemic mice. Infection and Immunity 33, 54-58. 

Dent, L.A., Daly, C.M., Mayrhofer, G., Zimmerman, T., Hallett, A., Bignold, L.P., Creaney, J. and Parsons, J.C. (1999) Interleukin-5 transgenic mice show enhanced resistance to primary infections with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis but not primary infections with Toxocara cams. Infection and Immunity 67, 989-993. 

Harris, N.L., Peach, R.J. and Ronchese, F. (1999) CTLA-4-Ig inhibits optimal T helper cell development but not protective immunity or memory response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. European Journal of Immunology 29, 311-316. 

Ishikawa, N., Horii, Y. and Nawa, Y. (1993) Immune mediated alteration of the terminal sugars of goblet cell mucins in the small intestine of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats. Immunology 78, 303-307. 

Jacobson, R.H., Reed, N.D. and Manning, D.D. (1977) Expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from mice lacking antibody production potential. Immunology 32, 867-874. 

Katona, I.M., Urban, J.F., Finkelman, F.D., Gause, W.C. and Madden, K.B. (1995) Cytokine regulation of intestinal mastocytosis in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. In Mestecky, J. et al. (eds) Advances in Mucosal Immunology. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 971-973. 

Khan, W.I., Abe, T., Ishikawa, N., Nawa, Y. and Yoshimura, K. (1995) Reduced amount of intestinal mucus after treatment with anti-CD4 antibody interferes with the spontaneous cure of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in mice. Parasite Immunology 17, 485-491. 

Lawrence, R.A., Gray, C.A., Osbourne, J. and Maizels, R. (1996) Nippostrongylus brasiliensis cytokine responses and nematode expulsion in normal and IL-4 deficient mice. Experimental Parasitology 84, 65-73. 

Symons, L.E.A. (1965) Kinetics of epithelial cells and morphology of villi and crypts in the jejunum of the rat infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Gastroenterology49, 158-168. 

Urban, J.F., Madden, K.B., Cheever, A.W., Trotta, P.P., Katona, I.M. and Finkelman, F.D. (1993) Interferon inhibits inflammatory responses and protective immunity in mice infected with the nematode parasite, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Journal of Immunology 151, 7086-7094. 

Befus, A.D. and Bienenstock, J. (1979) Immunologically mediated intestinal mastocytosis in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis- n lee ted rats. Immunology 38, 95-101. 

Anthelmintic screens against parasitic stages of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have been used extensively by a California group [45, 65]. Table 7 summarizes some of the reported activities other than those listed in Table 6. Because of the preliminary nature of these reports, the summary is presented without comment. 

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