Customer preferences

Melt Viscosity. Viscosities of resins at standard temperatures yield information about molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, as weU as valuable information with respect to appHcation logistics. Some customers prefer to receive resins in molten form. Melt viscosities help to determine the required temperature for a resin to be pumpable. Temperature—viscosity profiles are routinely suppHed to customers by resin manufacturers. In general, a molten viscosity of 1—1.1 Pa-s (1000—1100 cP) or less at process temperatures is convenient for the pumping and handling of molten resin. 

EoUowing sizing, the continuous carbon fiber tows ate wound onto precision packages of various sizes from 1 to 6 kg depending on customer preference. The final bobbins are relatively stable and can be stored at room temperature for periods of one year or more. With longer storage times epoxy sizes are prone to advancement resulting in a much stiffer tow with reduced spreadabUity. 

Factors that enter into any economic analysis of handhng-warehousing systems are (1) expected mechanical and economic life of the system (2) annual maintenance cost (3) capital requirements and expected return on investment (4) building-construction cost and land v ue (5) detailed analysis of each work position (to determine trade-offs of labor and equipment expected future costs and availability of labor are important) (6) relation of system control and personnel used in system (trade-offs of people versus mechanical control) (7) type of information system (computerized or manual) and (8) expected changed in product, container, unit pallet loads, and customer preferences during the life of the system. 

Customer preference. Some hesitation exists to plaeing a motor/ generator between the eompressor and its main driver. In some eases, only direet-drive air strings are favored. 

The leaflets, which should be uncomplicated, may include a box for the name and address of any customer requiring further information about the farm, its products and outlets. Feedback on customers preferences may also be obtained through these leaflets, and may be of use when production is being planned. Trial packs, in the case of certain products, may be a useful promotional tactic. 

Customer preference is also an increasingly important consideration when selecting biocides for use in products. Large manufacturers such as Ford, Volvo, BMW and SKF, to name but a few, are producing lists of materials they do not want to see in their factories. Many biocides are on these lists. Currently, they are not prohibited, but this may only be a matter of time. 

The selection of basis material, conversion coating, and paint formulation is an art based upon experience. The variables that are typically involved in the selection are appearance, color, gloss, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, process line capability, availability of raw materials, customer preference, and cost. Some basis materials inherently work better with certain conversion coatings, and some conversion coatings work better with certain paint formulations. On the whole, however, the choice of which combination to use on a basis material is limited only by plant and customer preferences.1-4... 

The food producer has full responsibility for the choice of suitable antioxidant and should obtain all information about the antioxidant from the data sheet (product information) that declares its safety. In most countries the antioxidants used in the product must be labelled on the package. Customers prefer foods with a minimum of additives as indicated by E number, and so the trend is directed towards mixtures of spices that contain antioxidants that do not need to be declared. 

Marketing why would the customers prefer your proposed products over current products, because of superior properties or lower prices ... 

Most of today s best-known hne-chemical companies, such as Cambrex, Clariant, Degussa, Dowpharma, DSM, and Rhodia (see Table 2.2), are subject to the abovementioned characteristics. Customers prefer to do business with midsize companies, because communications are easier (they typically deal directly with the decisionmaker)—and they can better leverage their purchasing power. Lonza s custom manufacturing business, apart from biotech, is still mainly concentrated on the original Visp, Switzerland site in terms of production and R D, and therefore has conserved a number of advantages that are typical of midsize companies. 

If demand happens to be greater than K for a tariff equal to a, the tariff should be increased to equalize demand and supply at the capacity level K. For the demand DHigh, the optimal tariff is c. For the Dhigh demand case, a tariff below c will induce excess demand and call for a non-price mechanism to pick out customers - preferably those with the highest willingness to pay. 

Improving operational performance. Although many customers prefer to have services bundled and to source as many services as possible from a single provider, they have very little tolerance of cross-subsidies between these services. The service organization thus needs to assess each service s performance from a standalone perspective. Customers will certainly do this themselves for those services where markets exist. They will also benchmark natural monopolies, to be able to assert an appropriate level of pressure on the service provider and drive prices down. Service providers, in turn, need to pull operational and structural improvement levers ... 

In the first stage, the product is melted at high speed (typically 350 to 600 rpm, fixed speed) in a closely defined area in a small" machine. A comparatively short machine (L 15 D) is used to keep residence times short. Partially or fully variable speed is also available, depending on operating conditions and customer preference. 

Cognizance of market forces is essential for significant and long-term industry participation. American market forces in the personal transportation sector are dominated ultimately by preferences of the U.S. customer. As evidenced in Box 10.1, customer preferences for fuel economy reflect the price of... 

Properties provided by these finishes are mostly improved wet fastness, for example washing, water, perspiration and ironing fastness, then better light fastness and only to a small extent improved crocking and rubbing fastness. For other kinds of colour fastness, for example dry ironing, chlorine, peroxide and carbonisation, there are no known possibilities for improvement by an after treatment. The market importance of these finishes is based on customer preferences and economic production demands. For abetter understanding, each of these three quite different fastness improvements will be dealt with separately. 

Compare solution attributes to cull out customer preferences. 

Conjoint Analysis is a simplified experimental technique for determining the best combination of attributes to include in a product or service design—Abased on the tradeoffs customers are willing to make. For example, you could have a new laptop computer that gives more benefits and costs less than what competitors offer. But before you release it you might want to find out what customers prefer in terms of the product s attributes, and what price they are willing to pay for them. 

To consider CO2 as a feedstock, one has to consider the purity, reactivity, operational conditions, customer preferences, transportation costs, and availability of the CO2. There is a tendency by some to think that CO2 from a powerplant stack can simply be used to supply the same CO2 for chemicals production, such as the production of He by reaction of CO2 with CH4. In fact this caimot be done without a lot of purification. In the example to produce He, CO2 reforming of CH4 will doubtless need very pure CO2, that is one will have to remove SO2 or NOx fi-om the process stream. This will add cost to the CO2 for the necessary purification steps. 

M s sustainability efforts have been given additional prominence in the company s New Product Introduction framework, which relies on Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) tools to elicit customer preferences for sustainability and other... 

Bodde believes that public policy is difficult to tailor to the strands of opportunities entrepreneurs follow. Perhaps the strongest policy need, therefore, is constancy of intent—a set of public priorities that are likely to stay in place for the 10-year planning horizon of the entrepreneurs and their investors. Entrepreneurs can then direct their investments accordingly. Other effective policies would seek to align public needs with private markets, allowing the societal preferences for clean air and fuel security to be expressed in customer preferences as well. 

In practice, all chemical testing must be performed in accordance with specific standards, preferably internationally approved standards. Sometimes, the actual standard may be a mutually agreed and nationally accepted standard method of testing, or one that is based on the end-use of the product and other customer preferences. 

The commercial practice proved that many customers prefer a neutral polyol, in order not to change the formulations and to have the possibility of making a continuous production with polyether polyols from different polyether polyols producers, without major intervention in the composition of the polyols formulated. If neutral polyols are desired, the polyether polyols synthesised with tertiary amines as catalysts are neutralised with acidic substances, such as - phthalic anhydride, formic acid or propoxylated phosphoric acid. 

Sun s extraction processes still produced a base stock with some color and color increased with base stock viscosity. Obviously an extraction process can only go so far in removing polyaromatics. Many plants built later put in a second-stage hydrotreater to stabilize products by conversion of the polyaromatics to polycyclic naphthenes rather than by separation. Hydrotreatment also has the capability to give water white base stocks, which many customers prefer. Sun did investigate this finishing route as well but do not appear to have pursued it commercially.17... 

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