Positive work

Note that a displacement from the initial equilibrium, either by compression or by stretching, produces positive work on the system. A sittiation analogous to the stretching of a sprmg is the stretching of a chain polymer. 

The Fuji CopiArt monochrome proofing system is based on the photogeneration of color from leuco dyes or diazo-coupling (35). CopiArt includes both positive and negative working systems (Fig. 6). For the positive working system, a diazo compound (6) reacts with a coupler (7) as shown. 

Fig. 6. CopiArt proofing system (a) stmcture of positive working system, where A = organic base, = coupler, Q = microcapsule, and = diazo compound and (b) stmcture of negative working system, where A = photoinitiator, = leuco dye, Q — microcapsule, and...

Fig. 8. (a) Positive proofing image formation (b) positive working dry peel-apart process and (c) peel-apart process. 

The sulfonic acid moiety has been iacorporated iato a variety of nonfluofinated polymeric materials (111). Chain-end sulfonated polymers are produced by the reaction of sultones with polymeric organolithiums (112). Polymeric sulfonic acids such as these are iacorporated ia positive-working photoresist compositions (113). 

The dyes or dye precursors may be initially diffusible in alkaU, in which case they will be immobilized imagewise, or they may be initially immobile in alkaU and released imagewise to transfer. Positive-working processes produce dye transfer density inversely related to the developed silver density conversely, negative-working processes produce dye transfer density in direct proportion to the developed silver. 

Another positive-working release by cyclization, illustrated by equation 5, starts with an immobile hydroquinone dye releaser (8), where R = alkyl and X is an immobilizing group. Cyclization and dye release take place in alkaU in areas where silver haUde is not undergoing development. In areas where silver haUde is being developed, the oxidized form of the mobile developing agent oxidizes the hydroquinone to its quinone (9), which does not release the... 

Thus, in order that E and G always be positive, i.e., that a positive normal stress or shear stress times the respective positive normal strain or shear strain yield positive work,... 

Work and energy can be considered as interchangeable we perform work whenever energy powers a physical process, e.g. to propel a car or raise a spoon to the mouth. The work done on a system increases its energy, so the value of U increases, itself causing A U to be positive). Work done by a system corresponds to a negative value of AU. 

Work done on a system increases its energy, so AU is positive. Work done by a system corresponds to a negative value of AU. 

Positive-tone photoresists, 15 161-163 acid-catalyzed chemistry in, 15 169-170 Positive-working dye processes, 19 284... 

A Sensitive Positive-Working Cross-Linked Methacrylate Electron Resist... 

Summing all of the above work terms (1-5), with positive work being done on the system and the negative sign indicating work done by the system, leads to the total work dWi around a first intrusion-extrusion cycle. That is,... 

Title Positive-Working Photoimageable Bottom Antireflective Coating... 

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