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Creatine phosphate in muscle

Most doctors use the plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea and electrolytes to determine renal function. These measures are adequate to determine whether a patient is suffering from kidney disease. Protein and amino acid catabolism results in the production of ammonia, which in turn is converted via the urea cycle into urea, which is then excreted via the kidneys. Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass). Creatinine is mainly filtered by the kidney, though a small amount is actively secreted. There is little to no tubular reabsorption of creatinine. If the filtering of the kidney is deficient, blood levels rise. [Pg.369]

Creatine Arginine, glycine, and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) Liver Forms creatine phosphate in muscle for energy storage. Excreted as creatinine. [Pg.850]

Coxa vara, 49-11 Cozens-Roberts, C., 62-5 CP (creatine phosphate), in muscle energy, 65-2 CPB (cardio pulmonary bypass) pumps, 10-15 CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) adjuvant techniques in, 18-7-18-11... [Pg.1530]

Storey, K.B. Hochachka, P.W. (1974). Activation of muscle glycolysis A role for creatine phosphate in phosphofructokinase regulation. FEES Lett. 46, 337-339. [Pg.279]

Creatine phosphate (also called phosphocreatine), the phosphory-lated derivative of creatine found in muscle, is a high-energy compound that can reversibly donate a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP (Figure 21.16). Creatine phosphate provides a small but rapidly mobilized reserve of high-energy phosphates that can be used to maintain the intracellular level of ATP during the first few minutes of intense muscular contraction. [Note The amount of creatine phosphate in the body is proportional to the muscle mass.]... [Pg.285]

Post-spawning (pre-wintering feeding). This period is marked by intensive lipid accumulation that will allow normal living of the population later, when food consumption has ceased or been much curtailed. Fish accumulate substantial reserves of triacyl-glycerols, and the content of creatine phosphate in the muscle and glycogen in the muscle and liver increase. A similar increase is found in the content of serum proteins, albumin in particular, which provides for future gonad development. The increase in protein continues, but is less than the accumulation of lipids. [Pg.113]

Creatine phosphate in vertebrate muscle serves as a reservoir of high-potential phosphoryl groups that can be readily transferred to ATP. Indeed, we use creatine phosphate to regenerate ATP from ADP every time we exercise strenuously. [Pg.573]

The different fuels used by exercising muscle are discussed in subsequent sections. These fuels may be arranged in the following "hierarchy," where the order of appearance approximates relative importance during exercise (1) creatine phosphate, (2) muscle and liver glycogen, (3) gluconeogenesis, and (4) fatty acids. [Pg.195]

EXAMPLE 13.30 Creatine phosphate concentration in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle is 15 mM. Since the rate of ATP consumption during intense exercise is 3 mmol L s , there is potentially a 5 s supply of creatine phosphate. Many sprinters and power lifters attempt to increase the amount of creatine phosphate in their muscles by ingesting creatine as a dietary supplement. There is strong evidence to suggest that this strategy is effective, but the long-term effects on general health, particularly kidney function, are yet to be determined. [Pg.425]

EXAMPLE 14.17 Creatine is synthesized in the liver and transported in the blood to skeletal muscle where it enters the cells and is converted, by creatine kinase and ATP, to creatine phosphate (Fig. 13-29). The reaction is reversible so that creatine phosphate, during muscle activity, produces ATP. Creatine is synthesized from guanidinioacetate (which is synthesized from glycine and arginine). [Pg.453]

Fleckenstein et al. (1960) have used a similar method to follow the turnover rates of 0 -labeled phosphate in muscle. ATP, creatine phosphate, and inorganic phosphate were separated by paper chromatography, eluted onto a platinum plate, and bombarded with 4 Mev protons. The activity of F formed is measured by an Nal scintillation counter, 2 hours after the end of bombardment. Nevertheless some difficulties were experienced due to nuclear side reactions, including activation of the platinum. The amount of can be calculated from the flux and the length of bombardment (see original paper), or may be determined by comparison with monitor foils with known concentrations of oxygen-18-labeled phosphate. [Pg.80]

FIGURE 14.21 The structures of creatine and creatine phosphate, guanidiniutn compounds that are important in muscle energy metabolism. [Pg.451]

In resting muscle the high concentration of ADP does not decrease the proton gradient effectively and the high membrane potential slows electron transport. ADP, formed when ATP is hydrolyzed by myosin ATPase during contraction, may stimulate electron transport. However, the concentration of ATP (largely as its Mg salt) is buffered by its readily reversible formation from creatine phosphate catalyzed in the intermembrane space, and in other cell compartments, by the various isoenzymes of creatine kinase (reviewed by Walliman et al., 1992). [Pg.136]

Figure 12-14. The creatine phosphate shuttle of heart and skeletal muscle. The shuttle allows rapid transport of high-energy phosphate from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol. CKg, creatine kinase concerned with large requirements for ATP, eg, muscular contraction CIC, creatine kinase for maintaining equilibrium between creatine and creatine phosphate and ATP/ADP CKg, creatine kinase coupling glycolysis to creatine phosphate synthesis CK, , mitochondrial creatine kinase mediating creatine phosphate production from ATP formed in oxidative phosphorylation P, pore protein in outer mitochondrial membrane. Figure 12-14. The creatine phosphate shuttle of heart and skeletal muscle. The shuttle allows rapid transport of high-energy phosphate from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol. CKg, creatine kinase concerned with large requirements for ATP, eg, muscular contraction CIC, creatine kinase for maintaining equilibrium between creatine and creatine phosphate and ATP/ADP CKg, creatine kinase coupling glycolysis to creatine phosphate synthesis CK, , mitochondrial creatine kinase mediating creatine phosphate production from ATP formed in oxidative phosphorylation P, pore protein in outer mitochondrial membrane.
Figure 31-3. Arginine, ornithine, and proline metabolism. Reactions with solid arrows all occur in mammalian tissues. Putrescine and spermine synthesis occurs in both mammals and bacteria. Arginine phosphate of invertebrate muscle functions as a phosphagen analogous to creatine phosphate of mammalian muscle (see Figure 31-6). Figure 31-3. Arginine, ornithine, and proline metabolism. Reactions with solid arrows all occur in mammalian tissues. Putrescine and spermine synthesis occurs in both mammals and bacteria. Arginine phosphate of invertebrate muscle functions as a phosphagen analogous to creatine phosphate of mammalian muscle (see Figure 31-6).
Creatinine is formed in muscle from creatine phosphate by irreversible, nonenzymatic dehydration and loss of phosphate (Figure 31-6). The 24-hour urinary excretion of creatinine is proportionate to muscle mass. Glycine, arginine, and methionine all participate in creatine biosynthesis. Synthesis of creatine is completed by methylation of guanidoacetate by S-adenosylmethio-nine (Figure 31-6). [Pg.267]

Creatine Phosphate Constitutes a Major Energy Reserve in Muscle... [Pg.573]

Creatine phosphate is formed from ATP and creatine (Figure 49-16) at times when the muscle is relaxed and demands for ATP are not so great. The enzyme catalyzing the phosphorylation of creatine is creatine kinase (CK), a muscle-specific enzyme with clinical utility in the detection of acute or chronic diseases of muscle. [Pg.574]

Two major types of muscle fibers are found in humans white (anaerobic) and red (aerobic). The former are particularly used in sprints and the latter in prolonged aerobic exercise. During a sprint, muscle uses creatine phosphate and glycolysis as energy sources in the marathon, oxidation of fatty acids is of major importance during the later phases. Nonmuscle cells perform various types of mechanical work carried out by the structures constituting the cytoskeleton. These strucmres include actin filaments (microfilaments), micrombules (composed primarily of a- mbulin and p-mbulin), and intermediate filaments. The latter include keratins, vimentin-like proteins, neurofilaments, and lamins. [Pg.578]

During the recovery period from exercise, ATP (newly produced by way of oxidative phosphorylation) is needed to replace the creatine phosphate reserves — a process that may be completed within a few minutes. Next, the lactic acid produced during glycolysis must be metabolized. In the muscle, lactic acid is converted into pyruvic acid, some of which is then used as a substrate in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to produce ATP. The remainder of the pyruvic acid is converted into glucose in the liver that is then stored in the form of glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles. These later metabolic processes require several hours for completion. [Pg.148]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.573 , Pg.574 , Pg.575 , Pg.575 , Pg.575 ]




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