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In muscle

Calcium plays an important part in structure-building in living organisms, perhaps mainly because of its ability to link together phosphate-containing materials. Calcium ions in the cell play a vital part in muscle contraction. [Pg.124]

Description of Method. Creatine is an organic acid found in muscle tissue that supplies energy for muscle contractions. One of its metabolic products is creatinine, which is excreted in urine. Because the concentration of creatinine in urine and serum is an important indication of renal function, rapid methods for its analysis are clinically important. In this method the rate of reaction between creatinine and picrate in an alkaline medium is used to determine the concentration of creatinine in urine. Under the conditions of the analysis, the reaction is first-order in picrate, creatinine, and hydroxide. [Pg.632]

Zinc. The 2—3 g of zinc in the human body are widely distributed in every tissue and tissue duid (90—92). About 90 wt % is in muscle and bone unusually high concentrations are in the choroid of the eye and in the prostate gland (93). Almost all of the zinc in the blood is associated with carbonic anhydrase in the erythrocytes (94). Zinc is concentrated in nucleic acids (90), and found in the nuclear, mitochondrial, and supernatant fractions of all cells. [Pg.384]

Potassium is required for enzyme activity in a few special cases, the most widely studied example of which is the enzyme pymvate kinase. In plants it is required for protein and starch synthesis. Potassium is also involved in water and nutrient transport within and into the plant, and has a role in photosynthesis. Although sodium and potassium are similar in their inorganic chemical behavior, these ions are different in their physiological activities. In fact, their functions are often mutually antagonistic. For example, increases both the respiration rate in muscle tissue and the rate of protein synthesis, whereas inhibits both processes (42). [Pg.536]

Soluble Compounds. The mechanism of barium toxicity is related to its ability to substitute for calcium in muscle contraction. Toxicity results from stimulation of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, the cardiac muscle, and the voluntary muscles, resulting in paralysis (47). Skeletal, arterial, intestinal, and bronchial muscle all seem to be affected by barium. [Pg.483]

Calcium is the trigger behind the muscle contraction process (24,25). Neural stimulation activates the release of stored Ca(Il) resulting in a dramatic increase in free calcium ion levels. The subsequent binding of Ca(Il) resulting in a dramatic increase in free calcium ion levels. The subsequent binding of Ca(Il) to the muscle protein troponin C provides the impetus for a conformational change in the troponin complex and sets off successive events resulting in muscle contraction. [Pg.409]

In the presence of calcium, the primary contractile protein, myosin, is phosphorylated by the myosin light-chain kinase initiating the subsequent actin-activation of the myosin adenosine triphosphate activity and resulting in muscle contraction. Removal of calcium inactivates the kinase and allows the myosin light chain to dephosphorylate myosin which results in muscle relaxation. Therefore the general biochemical mechanism for the muscle contractile process is dependent on the avaUabUity of a sufficient intraceUular calcium concentration. [Pg.125]

Parvalbumin is a muscle protein with a single polypeptide chain of 109 amino acids. Its function is uncertain, but calcium binding to this protein probably plays a role in muscle relaxation. The helix-loop-helix motif appears three times in this structure, in two of the cases there is a calcium-binding site. Figure 2.13 shows this motif which is called an EF hand because the fifth and sixth helices from the amino terminus in the structure of parvalbumin, which were labeled E and F, are the parts of the structure that were originally used to illustrate calcium binding by this motif. Despite this trivial origin, the name has remained in the literature. [Pg.24]

FIGURE 14.21 The structures of creatine and creatine phosphate, guanidiniutn compounds that are important in muscle energy metabolism. [Pg.451]

ATP stores in muscle are augmented or supplemented by stores of phosphocreatine. During periods of contraction, phosphocre-atine is hydrolyzed to drive the synthesis of needed ATP in the creatine kinase reaction ... [Pg.563]

Trinick, J., 1994. Tidn and nebnlin Protein riders in muscles Trends in Biochemical Sciences 19 405—409. [Pg.564]

In the kidney and in muscle tissues, fructose is readily phosphorylated by hexokinase, which, as pointed out above, can utilize several different hexose substrates. The free energy of hydrolysis of ATP drives the reaction forward ... [Pg.634]

In 1937 Krebs found that citrate could be formed in muscle suspensions if oxaloacetate and either pyruvate or acetate were added. He saw that he now had a cycle, not a simple pathway, and that addition of any of the intermediates could generate all of the others. The existence of a cycle, together with the entry of pyruvate into the cycle in the synthesis of citrate, provided a clear explanation for the accelerating properties of succinate, fumarate, and malate. If all these intermediates led to oxaloacetate, which combined with pyruvate from glycolysis, they could stimulate the oxidation of many substances besides themselves. (Kreb s conceptual leap to a cycle was not his first. Together with medical student Kurt Henseleit, he had already elucidated the details of the urea cycle in 1932.) The complete tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle, as it is now understood, is shown in Figure 20.4. [Pg.642]

C. H. Fiske and Y. Subbarow discovered adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in muscle Hbre it wa.s synthesized some 20 y later by A. Todd tt al. (Nobel Prize 1957). [Pg.474]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.452 , Pg.453 , Pg.454 , Pg.767 ]




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ATPase in muscle

Acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscle

Acetylcholinesterase in skeletal muscle

Action potential in muscles

Activated Protein Kinase Activity in Contractile Smooth Muscle

Amino acids in muscles

Baccharis trinervis in treatment of muscle cramp

Calcium in muscle contraction

Calcium in smooth muscle

Calcium ion in muscle

Creatine phosphate in muscle

Effect of Insulin on Phosphorus Turnover in Muscle

Effective antioxidant concentration of vitamin E in muscle foods

Energy Supply in Muscle

Energy Turnover in Resting Muscle

Energy in muscle

Expression of Protein Kinase C Isozymes in Smooth Muscle

Fatty acid metabolism in muscle

Fiber types in skeletal muscle

Force generation, in muscles

Glucose in muscle

Glucose in skeletal muscle

Glucose oxidation in muscle

Glycogen in muscle

Glycogen metabolism in muscle

Glycogen, breakdown in muscle

In muscle contraction

In skeletal muscle

In striated muscles

Lactate formation in muscle

Lactate in muscle

Lipids in muscle

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Contractile versus Proliferative Smooth Muscle

Muscles as Actuators in Controlled Systems

Muscling In Organometallics

Myoglobin in muscle

Myosin Phosphorylation in Smooth Muscle

Myosin filaments in muscle

Nerve impulse in muscle contraction

Phosphates, starch transfer in muscle

Phosphocreatine. in muscle

Phosphofructokinase in muscle

Post Mortem Changes in Muscle

Potential Functions of Calmodulin-Kinase II in Smooth Muscle

Probing the Phosphorylation Theory in Triton Skinned Smooth Muscle

Protein in skeletal muscle

Proteins in muscles

Proteins involved in muscle action

ROS production in chicken skeletal muscle under acute heat stress conditions

Reactions in muscle

Receptor Activation, Tyrosine Kinase Activity, and in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Regulation of the Serca-Type Ca2 Pumps in Smooth Muscle Cells

Sarcopenia, Muscle Weakness in Old Age

Signal patterns in proton spectra of skeletal muscle

Studies in Isolated Guinea Pig Papillary Muscles

Studies on the Ca2 Release from Intracellular Stores in Permeabilized Smooth Muscle

Time-Resolved Events in Contracting Muscles

Tropomyosin Levels in Smooth Muscles, Purification, and General Properties

Troponin in muscle regulation

Troponin, in skeletal muscle

Turnover in Muscles

Vascular smooth muscle cells in

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