Control systems test equipment

Verification of test equipment calibration Verification of controls and indicators Computer control system testing Verification of sequence of operations Verification of major components operation Verification of alarms Power failure/recovery testing... 

Pollutants. The problems posed by ak pollutants are very serious. Within a museum, measures can be taken to remove harmful substances as efficiently as possible by means of the installation of appropriate filter systems in the ventilation equipment. Proposed specification values for museum climate-control systems requke filtering systems having an efficiency for particulate removal in the dioctyl phthalate test of 60—80%. Systems must be able to limit both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations <10 /ig/m, and ozone to <2 /ig/m. ... 

Reference electrodes at the test points may only be needed part of the time, depending on the mode of operation of the protective systems (e.g., for monitoring or for permanent control of potential-controlled protection current equipment). Potentiostatic control is always preferred to galvanostatic systems where operational parameters are changing. 

Efficiency of the control equipment is normally specified before the equipment is purchased. If a plant is emitting a pollutant at 500 kg/rir and the regulations allow an emission of only 25 kg/hr, it is obvious that at least 95% efficiency is required of the pollution control system. This situation requires the regulation to state "at least 95% removal on a weight basis." The regulation should further specify how the test will be made to determine the efficiency. Figure 28-4 shows the situation as it exists. 

Provision and use of appropriate health surveillance, e.g. for signs of dermatitis, asthma, effects of specific solvent exposures. Full use of any spray booth, enclosure, exhaust ventilation or dilution systems, and automatic handling equipment. (The efficiency of all local exhaust ventilation and other control systems should be maintained, and checked by testing.) Where appropriate, atmospheric monitoring of airborne pollution levels. 

Processing/ Control System Equipment Architecture// Testing Platforms... 

Auxiliary equipment such as oil systems, gears, and control systems shall be tested in the vendor s shop. Details of the auxiliary equipment test shall be developed jointiy by the purchaser and the vendor. 

Electrochemical iron generation is a site-specific technology that is pH dependent. Process pH should be from 6 to 9. Optimal removal efficiencies require electrochemical treatment in combination with an ideal precipitation pH for the metals being removed. Nearly all fuU-scale systems include a pH control system. Andco performs lab and pilot-scale testing to evaluate the ability of the process to treat a particular waste stream. If flow rates or contaminant loads fluctuate, control equipment is required to compensate for changes in influent. 

These tests check the integrity of measurement chains between the sensor and the equipment as well as along the measurement chain. For example, a temperature signal carried over by a current loop is checked against the exact temperature level and the exact conversion levels on the current loop. However, if the temperature sensor contains its own local temperature indicator, this indication will be compared to the temperature available on the control system. 

The performance qualification of computerized control systems consists of a group of tests pooled in functional checks. The tests shall be carried out on the integrated system. The structure of the performance qualification shall be standardized for all performance qualification of computerized pharmaceutical equipment. 

Facilities and Equipment The technical experts who have an understanding of pharmaceutical science, risk factors, and manufacturing processes related to the product are responsible for defining specific facility and equipment requirements. The equipment must be qualified, calibrated, cleaned, and maintained to prevent contamination and product mix-ups. It is important to remember that the GMPs place as much emphasis on process equipment as on testing equipment while most quality systems focus only on testing equipment. Control Outsourced Operations Quality systems call for contracts with outside suppliers that clearly describe the materials or service, quality specification responsibilities, and communication mechanisms. 

The [calibration system] controls, calibrates, and maintains inspection, measuring, and test equipment to demonstrate the conformance of the product to the specified requirements. Equipment is used in such a manner so as to ensure that measurement uncertainty is known and is consistent with the required measurement capability. The measurements made are identified, the accuracy is stated, and the appropriate inspection, measuring, and test equipment is used. 

NOTE There are no individual tests or information printouts that can actually improve upon a regular physical inspection of the cooling system and its immediate environment. Managing a cooling system today should incorporate a balance of traditional operational and water treatment service techniques, together with appropriate modern, microprocessor-based monitoring and control programs and equipment. 

Whether a control system comprises distinct instruments for nominal control functions and process monitoring, or an integrated control system, a nominal set of control function tests are necessary. The tests described encompass both controller capability and equipment performance. These tests may be completed during the FAT as part of a separate computer system validation. 

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