Contract sales

Consequently, sales flexibility exists with respect to total sales quantities and average prices for spot sales, while contract sales quantities and prices... 

Sales planning described in subchapter 05.4 supports spot and contract sales management and planning of sales price effects using price-quantity functions. 

The total sales quantity is the sum of contract sales and spot sales quan-... 

Altogether, the constraints decide spot sales quantity and turnover while contract sales quantity and turnover are fulfilled as demanded. 

The sales value index represents spot and contract sales net turnovers. 

The regional optimization is focused on sales values and remaining regional sales decisions that have to be taken in the regions. The regional objective function does not intend to reflect the company s profit and loss situation as completely as possible being already done on global level. Therefore, contract sales are also excluded from the model, since they are already decided in the fixed contracts. 

How can spot/contract sales and procurement flexibility rules be integrated into negotiation and collaboration agreements ... 

Customer relations Distributors are used to service small customers Contract sales Close contact for specific needs in science Close contact Long-term contracts for certain intermediates and building blocks Technical assistance very important Close contact with clients Close contact for industrial uses... 

Even in the plastics industry more than 80% will be contract sales due to... 

In addition, the separator temperature and pressure of the surface facilities are typically outside the two-phase envelope, so that no liquids form during separation. This makes the prediction of the produced fluids during development very simple, and gas sales contracts can be agreed with the confidence that the fluid composition will remain constant during field life in the case of a dry gas. 

The most important use of the real gas law is to calculate the volume which a subsurface quantity of gas will occupy at surface conditions, since when gas sales contracts are negotiated and gas is subsequently sold it is referred to in volumes at standard conditions of temperature (Tsc) and pressure (Psc). 

The previous equation is only valid as long as there is no compositional change of the gas between the subsurface and the surface. The value of E is typically in the order of 200, in other words the gas expands by a factor of around 200 from subsurface to surface conditions. The actual value of course depends upon both the gas composition and the reservoir temperature and pressure. Standard conditions of temperature and pressure are commonly defined as 60°F (298K) and one atmosphere (14.7 psia or 101.3 kPa), but may vary from location to location, and between gas sales contracts. 

Whereas a spot market has always existed for oil, gas sales traditionally require a contract to be agreed between the producer and a customer. This forms an important... 

Figure 8.10 Typical delivery quantities specified in a gas sales contract...

Market forces determine the demand for a product, and the demand will be used to forecast the sales of hydrocarbons. This will be one of the factors considered by some governments when setting the production targets for the oil company. For example, much of the gas produced in the South China Sea is liquefied and exported by tanker to Japan for industrial and domestic use the contract agreed with the Japanese purchaser will drive the production levels set by the National Oil Company. 

The demand for domestic gas changes seasonally in temperate climates, and production levels reflect this change. For example a sudden cold day in Northern Europe causes a sharply increased requirement for gas, and gas sales contracts in this region will allow the purchaser to demand an instant increase (up to a certain maximum) from the supplier. To safeguard for seasonal swings, imported gas is frequently stored in underground... 

In 1989 the aerosol industry in the United States consisted of about 250 companies that ranged from propellant, valve, and overcap, manufacturers to contract product fillers and product marketers. The industry employed over 50,000 people in 1989 and retail sales amounted to over 10 biUion. 

Whereas new appHcations of lithium compounds were developed, commercial growth was slow. In 1953 worldwide sales of lithium products, expressed as lithium carbonate, were only ca 1000 metric tons (2). In 1954 the U.S. lithium industry underwent a sudden, very large expansion when the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission required large amounts of lithium hydroxide [1310-65-2] for its nuclear weapons program (see Nuclearreactors). Three domestic producers built 4500-t/yr plants to meet contract commitments with the U.S. government. When these government contracts ended in 1960, capacity exceeded demand and several operations were discontinued. 

Under modern condition the ordinary layman...has neither the opportunity nor the capacity to inspect or to determine the fitness of an automobile for use he must rely on the manufacturer who has control of its construction, and to some degree on the dealer who, to the limited extent called for by the manufacturer s instructions, inspects and services it before delivery. In such a marketing milieu his remedies and those of persons who properly claim through him should not depend "upon the intricacies of the law of sales. The obligation of the manufacturer should not be based alone on privity of contract. It should rest, as was once said,... 

Sales and raw-materials prices may be affected by any of the following discounts and allowances, availabihty of substitutes, contract pricing, government regulations, quahty and form of the materials, and competition. Sales volume may be affected by any of the following new uses for the product, new markets, advertising, quahty, overcapacity, replacement by another product, competition, and timing of entry into the market. 

A useful approximation of B for a conical hopper is B = 22f/a, where a is the bulk density of the stored product. The apparatus for determining the properties of solids has been developed and is offered for sale by the consulting firm of Jenike and Johansen, Winchester, Massachusetts, which also performs these tests on a contract basis. The flow-factor FF tester, a constant-rate-of-strain, direct-shear-type machine, gives the locus of points for the FF cui ve as well as ( ), the... 

Cogeneration systems will not match the varying power and heat demands at all times for most applications. Thus, an industrial cogeneration systems output frequently must be supplemented by the separate on-site generation of heat or the purchase of utility-supplied elec tric power. If the on-site electric power demand is relatively low, an alternative option is to match the cogeneration system to the heat load and contract for the sale of excess electricity to the local utihty grid. 

Some projects obtain project financing. That is, the parent company does not become liable for the loan. Some have been based on back to back contracts for construction, raw materials, and sales. These usually have the... 

A ull-time employee," for purposes of section 313 reporting, is defined as 2,000 work hours per year. To determine the number of full-time employees atyourfacility, add up the hours worked by all employees during the calendar year, including contract employees and sales and support staff working at the facility and divide the total by 2,000 hours. In other words, if the total numter of hours worked by all employees is 20,000 hou rs or more, your facility meets the ten employee threshold. 

Knowledge of what is to be supplied. (This may be gained from the sales literature, contract, or agreement.)... 

The note in clause 4.19.1 points out that any after-sales product servicing provided under the OEM contract or order would constitute servicing. 

There are two types of resource requirements those needed to run the business and those needed to execute particular contracts or sales. The standard is not specific, but a glance at ISO 9004-1 will reveal that it is more than those needed for a particular contract and less than needed to run the business. ISO 9004-1 limits the resources to those needed to implement the quality policy and meet quality objectives. It will be very difficult for companies to distinguish between those resources which serve quality and those which serve other objectives. There may be some departments that can be eliminated, such as the legal, insurance, catering, medical, or publicity departments, but in a company-wide quality culture all departments etc. will be included. 

This chapter deals with contracts placed on the supplier by customers, rather than contracts placed by the company on its suppliers. This can be a source of confusion for those unfamiliar with marketing and sales functions. 

Contract review is but one of the tasks in the contract acquisition process. These are marketing, prospect acquisition, tendering, contract negotiation, contract award, and then contract review. However, in a sales situation, you may simply have a catalog of products and services and a sales office taking orders over the telephone or over the counter. The contract review element of this operation takes a few seconds while you determine if you can supply the item requested. In an organization that produces products to specific customer requirements you may in fact carry out all the tasks in the contract acquisition process. Rather than isolate the contract review task and produce a procedure for this, your business may benefit more from a procedure or series of procedures that covers the contract acquisition process as a whole. 

There will be some organizations that deal with such predictable orders that a formal documented review before acceptance will be an added burden. But however predictable the order it is prudent to establish that it is what you believe it to be before acceptance. Many have been caught out by the small print in contracts or sales agreements such as the wording This agreement takes precedence over any conditions of sale offered by the supplier. ... 

Gas transmission companies require that impurities be removed from gas they purchase. They recognize the need for removal for the efficiem operation of their pipelines and their customers gas-burning equipment Consequently, contracts for the sale of gas to transmission companies always contain provisions regarding the quality of the gas that is delivered to them, and periodic tests are made to ascertain that requirements are being fulfilled by the seller. 

Normally, the crude or condensate sales contract will specify a maximum Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP). This pressure is measured according to... 

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