Concrete polyester resin

Membranes are applied directly to the metal or concrete surface to protect from corrosion by any liquor that penetrates the brick lining through pores and cracks. Membranes consist of sheet material bonded to the metal or concrete, e.g., flexible PVC sheet, or it may be formed in situ (e.g., polyester resin reinforced with glass fiber, or synthetic rubber sheet, lead, polyisobutylene, polyethylene and asphalt). 

Polyester resin floor toppings, similar in performance to the epoxy toppings, have been used but, as indicated earlier, polyester systems tend to shrink and, without careful formulation and laying, shrinkage stresses with polyester resin systems can develop at the interface between the topping and the concrete substrate. Coupled with the additional stresses due to the differences in their coefficients to thermal expansion, this can cause failure at the surface of the concrete substrate." ... 

Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6, No. 11, Nov. 1995, p.688-92 MAKING POLYMER CONCRETE AND POLYMER MORTAR USING SYNTHESISED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS FROM POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) WASTE Abdel-Azim A AA Attia IA Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Carro,Ain Shams University... 

There are perhaps hundreds of miscellaneous unsaturated polyester resin construction applications. These would include window frames, doors, cabinet enclosures, electrical boxes, etc. In addition, recent developments bode well for unsaturated polyesters in construction markets. Concrete rebar, bridge construction and general infrastructure repair are examples of growing construction applications. 

The use of FRP is desired to replace older materials of construction such as concrete, stucco, etc. They have been used in many historical preservation projects. The reason they are desired is because of light weight, durability ease of installation, and low maintenance (no dry rot, attack by insects, mold, etc.). These are typically nonstructural parts made by spray-up process or continuous panel process. An example are shown in Figure 23.11. This market is expected to continue to grow. The main resin used for exterior architectural applications are halogenated polyester resins. Since there is not a smoke requirement, resins that meet the ASTM E-84 flame spread requirement of <25 can be used for this application. The other common material used for these applications is polyester resin or modified acrylic resins that are filled with ATH. The ATH filled resins can also be used in interior applications since they will typically also have low smoke values. 

Owing to this rapid cure, a compressive strength of 40 N/mm is possible within 2 h at temperatures down to 4°C (Shaw, 1993a). The properties of polyester binder depend primarily upon the chemical composition of the polyester resin component. Typical physical properties of cured polyester binders for concrete overlays are given in Table 9.3 (ACI, 1993). 

Low modulus polyester resin mortars have also been developed. They too cure rapidly. They are principally used to fill cable slots cut across asphalt runways and also to fill over PVC cable ducts installed in concrete runways and taxiways (Shaw, 1993b). 

Polymer concretes show excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance compared with conventional cement concretes. Polymer concretes can be cured quickly by the use of curing agents. Thus, the applications of polymer concretes are being increased. One of the popular polymers for polymer concretes is unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin. The properties of UPE resin can be modified by changing its molecular features. For the synthesis of the resin, phthalic anhydride or isophthalic acid as well as maleic anhydride can be employed to modify the mechanical properties or hydrothermal resistance. Terephthalic acid which is also used for the synthesis of poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) enhances the thermal resistance of the cured UPE resin. However, the synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin from terephthalic acid is difficult. One method to synthesize unsaturated polyester from terephthalic acid is the use of recycled PET. 

PET is useful polymer used for fiber, film, and plastic containers such as carbonated beverage bottles. Recently, the recycling of polymers such as PET after use is attracting the attention of many researchers aware of environmental problems and wishing to find ways to save earth resources. Previous studies showed that unsaturated polyester resins can be economically prepared from recycled PET and the resins may be useful for resin concretes (1 4). However, there is little information on the molecular features of the UPE resins. Thus, we synthesized various UPE resins from PET. Especially, the PET content, chain flexibility and degree of unsaturation of the resins were systematically varied and the effects of those variables on the mechanical properties of the cured resins and polymer mortars made therefrom were studied. 

The high cost of resins used in the production of polymer concrete (PC) makes the material expensive relative to cement-based materials. Not surprisingly, a recent survey ranked lower cost resins as the most important future need for PC [1], Recently, some work has been done on the production of unsaturated polyester resins based on recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate), PET [2], The PET wastes are typically found in used beverage bottles, and many states have passed legislation to collect and recycle these bottles. If specially formulated, the unsaturated polyester could be used in the production of PC [3],... 

Mixing into (polyester resin concrete) as filler material replacing CaC03 or aggregates (sands, small or middle)... 

Use Imparts water tolerance and vapor permeability to copolymer films latex and water-based coating compositions adhesion improver for cellulosics, concrete, glass cross-linking agent in polyester resins color photography. 

Polymer concretes based on phenol-formaldehyde, acetone-formaldehyde resins and monomers, and methyl methacrylate are much less common. Phenolic resins are similar to furan in many physical and mechanical properties. However, they are unstable in alkalis like polyester resins [7],... 

RubCon can be used in specialized structures instead of traditional building materials (reinforced concrete, steel, wood). Comparison of technical and economic parameters of RubCon with the most widespread kinds of corrosion-resistant concretes, in particular polymer concrete based on epoxy and polyester resins, showed that the cost of a useful loading unit of the RubCon structure is more than twice as effective as epoxy polymer concrete and 2.2 times as effective as polyester polymer concrete. 

Once the clear wine has been run off, the barrels and vats must be cleaned to remove the deposit and disinfected, if necessary. A high-pressure water jet is generally sufficient to eliminate most of the precipitates in metal, polyester or lined concrete (epoxy resin) vats. In concrete vats coated with tartaric acid, the problem is more complex. These vats are difficult to clean and disinfecting them with SO2 is likely to damage the coating. 

Recent developments in this field seem to suggest that both epoxy or polyester resins are often times used for similar applications with no apparent difference in the performance of the materials. Ohama and co-workers (15) compared the resistance of polymer concretes to boiling water for periods of up to 12 months and found that epoxy resins were more resistant than orthopthalate based... 

The characteristic brittleness of unsaturated polyester resins was overcome by reinforcement with silane-treated fiber glass. While over 750 thousand tons of these reinforced plastics are produced annually in the U.S., the emphasis in this chapter will be on room temperature-curable-filled unsaturated polyester mortars or concrete. As discussed in Chapters 1 and 7, these anaerobic polyester mortars are widely used as materials of construction.—... 

Polyester resin concrete was mixed and molded to the desired specimens according to JIS A 1181 (Method of Making Polyester Resin Concrete Specimens) at 20°C, 50% R.H. The formulations of its binder and the mix proportion are given in Tables m and IV respectively. Size of the specimens was 01Ox2Oc,m. Then the specimens were cured at 20°C, 50% R.H. for the desired curing time. 

Embedded strain gages with 100mm of gage length, were Installed in polyester resin concrete when the specimens were molded. The length change was measured by static strain meter connected with a timer at 20°C, 50 % R.H. The measurements were conducted at Intervals of 5 minutes for 60 minutes after adding the catalyst to... 

OHAMA ET AL. Length Change of Polyester Resin Concrete... 

Table HI. Formulations of Binder for Polyester Resin Concrete.

Fig. A shows the effects of CoOc and MEKPO contents on setting shrinkage of polyester resin concrete. The setting shrinkage increases with rising contents of CoOc and MEKPO. In particular, the shrinkage is remarkably affected by MEKPO (catalyst) content rather than CoOc (accelerator) content.

At 2 to 3 hours of the curing time, slight expansion of polyester resin concrete with 0.5 phr catalyst and 0.5 phr accelerator is attributed to the looseness of compaction due to the setting retardation of the concrete. 

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