Carbonated beverages bottling

Blow Molding Carbonated beverage bottles Cooking oil bottles Detergent bottles Drinking water bottles ... 

Polyethylene terephthalate is the dominant material for the manufacture of carbonated beverage bottles Why are the bottles clear despite the tendency for this polymer to form crystalline domains ... 

When compared to EBM, the IBM procedure permits the use of plastics that are suitable for EBM and, more important, those unsuitable for EBM. Specifically it is those with no controllable melt strength such as the conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) that is predominantly used in large quantities using the stretch IBM method for carbonated beverage bottle (liter and other sizes). 

PET is useful polymer used for fiber, film, and plastic containers such as carbonated beverage bottles. Recently, the recycling of polymers such as PET after use is attracting the attention of many researchers aware of environmental problems and wishing to find ways to save earth resources. Previous studies showed that unsaturated polyester resins can be economically prepared from recycled PET and the resins may be useful for resin concretes (1 4). However, there is little information on the molecular features of the UPE resins. Thus, we synthesized various UPE resins from PET. Especially, the PET content, chain flexibility and degree of unsaturation of the resins were systematically varied and the effects of those variables on the mechanical properties of the cured resins and polymer mortars made therefrom were studied. 

Before a carbonated beverage bottle is sealed, it is pressurized with a mixture of air and carbon dioxide. (a) Explain the effervescence that occurs when the cap of the bottle is removed, (b) What causes the fog to form near the mouth of the bottle right after the cap is removed ... 

Concerns about health effects caused by low levels of residual monomers in PVC and acrylonitrile resins promoted the consideration of condensation polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (41). Packaging resins based on acrylonitrile are extraordinarily good barriers that were considered for carbonated beverage bottles. The furor over residual monomers in these materials stunted their growth in spite of improved technology to reduce residuals to barely detectable levels. The step reaction polymer, polyethylene terephthalate(PET) has intrinsically much lower residual monomers in the as-made polymer, and it has become the material of choice for the carbonated beverage market (42). 

Figure 7. Calculated COn pressure loss from plastic carbonated beverage bottle. Total loss is comprised of CO2 that has left the exterior surface of bottle wall plus that still contained in the wall.

Barex The trade name for BP Chemical International s (Sohia Division) family of acrylonitrile (AN) copolymerized styrene plastic. It was the first technically and commercially successful carbonated beverage bottle to be produced and was used in producing the first Coca-Cola stretched injection blow-molded bottles. See Coca-Cola bottle, barium oxide (BaO) A white to yellow powder that melts at 192°C. It forms a hydroxide with water and is used as a dehydrating agent. Also called barium monoxide or barium protoxide. 

Coca-Cola bottle Acrylonitrile-styrene (AN) plastic was used in 1958 to produce the first commercial stretched Coca-Cola carbonated beverage bottles (two-liters). The glass pinch bottle debuted in 1915 was resurrected out of plastics. Production was by Monsanto Co. using Barex plastic from Sohia of BP Chemical International and DuPont s stretched injection blow-molding process. After production started in about eight plants on the East Coast, AN was banned by the U.S. Food and Dmg Administration because of possible food contamination, even though... 

Draw ratios used to achieve the best properties in PET bottles (typical 2-and 3-liter carbonated beverage bottles) are 3.8 in the hoop and 2.8 in the axial direction, and will yield a bottle with a hoop tensile strength of about 29,000 psi (200 MPa) and an axial tensile of 15,000 psi (104 MPa). 

Bottle-bill legislation passes in several states in the United States (1972-1985) Plastic bottle recycling infrastructure begins to be established to complement that for glass as the market for plastic carbonated beverage bottles grows... 

Water and carbonated beverage bottles are made predominantly from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The polymer is made by condensation reaction of ethylene glycol with either terephthalic acid or its dimethyl ester. The process in practice includes three steps prepolymer formation, melt condensation to increase viscosity, and solid-state polymerization at 180-230°C to yield a resin with an average molecular weight that is high enough for use as bottle resins. Antimony trioxide is used as a catalyst in polymerization (Duh, 2002). 

Polymeric materials are used in a vast array of products. In the automotive area, they are used for interior parts and in under-the-hood applications. Packaging applications are a large area for thermoplastics, from carbonated beverage bottles to plastic wrap. Application requirements vary widely but, luckily, plastic materials can be synthesized to meet these varied service conditions. It remains the job of the part designer to select from the array of thermoplastic materials available to meet the required demands. 

PET (Polyethylene Tercphthalate) A saturated thermoplastic polyester formed by condensing ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. It is extremely wear and chemical resistant and dimensionally stable. It also has a low gas permeability in comparison to HDPE, LDPE, PP and PVC which is why it is used so extensively for carbonated beverage bottles. 

Before a carbonated beverage bottle is sealed, it is pressurized with a mixture of air and carbon dioxide. 

The single-stage process is usually done using one machine, where the two-stage process uses preforms that have already been made and cooled. This allows companies to either make or buy their own preforms. In this process, the machinery involved injection molds a preform, which is then transferred within the machine to another station where it is blown and then ejected from the machine. This process is used for extremely high volume runs of items such as wide mouth peanut butter jars, narrow mouth water bottles, carbonated beverage bottles, liquor bottles, etc (12). 

Figure 16.9 Carbonated beverages. Bottling under a high carbon dioxide partial pressure increases the solubility of the gas in the liquid solution. When you open the bottle, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide above the solution drops to become equal to atmospheric Pcoj> dramatically decreasing the solubility of the gas, which escapes from the solution in the form of gas-phase bubbles that consist of carbon dioxide molecules (and a relatively small quantity of water molecules). 

Terephthalic acid (TA) produced in a purified form (PTA) is used almost exclusively in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET polyester) fibers. A smaller percentage of PTA is used for the manufacture of polyester films, polybutylene terephthalate resins and barrier resins for carbonated beverage bottles. Between 1994 and 1998, global PTA capacity increased by 62%, from lOmilfionto 17 million metric tons. Approximately 70% of worldwide PTA capacity is located in the Asia-Pacific region. ... 

Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a relatively new polyester, is part of the PET family and has a great potential as a resin for bottles. PEN resin is more opaque, shows five times lower oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability coefficients, has a higher glass transition temperature, is stronger, and is stiffer than PET. This makes it more suitable for hot fiUing and a excellent material for carbonated beverages. Bottles made of PEN provide the product with additional ultraviolet protection. PEN bottles can be returnable, refiUable, and re-... 

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