Solid arrows

Figure Bl.1.3. State energy diagram for a typical organic molecule. Solid arrows show radiative transitions A absorption, F fluorescence, P phosphorescence. Dotted arrows non-radiative transitions.

C3.4.13)). The dimer has a common ground state and excitation may temrinate in eitlier tire or excited state (see tire solid arrows in figure C3.4.3). The transition dipole moments of tliese transitions are defined as ... 

Figure 1. Direction of gravity force action and filtrate motion in filters A-cocurrent B-countercurrent C-crosscurrent solid arrow-direction of gravity force action dashed arrow- direction of filtrate motion 1-filter plate 2-cake 3-sludge 4-filtrate 5-clear liquid.

FIGURE 5.24 Components of ciliary movement, (a) Power and recovery phases of ciliary movement. Arrows indicate the direction of ciliary travel, (b) Net mucociliary transport. Dotted arrows show the direction of cilia while the solid arrows show mucus transport. Note that net gel movement is forward in I and III while no gel movement occurs in II during the cilia recovery phase. Modified from Ful-ford and Blake. ... 

Figure 3. Energy diagram for 1064 nm excitation of PuFg(g). The 5f electron states of PuF6 are shown at the left. The solid arrows Indicate photon absorption or emission processes. The wavy arrows indicate nonradiative processes by which excited states of PuF6 are lost. Comparison of observed fluorescence photon yields versus the fluorescence quantum yield expected for the 4550 cm" state indicate that the PuFg state initially populated following 1064 nm excitation may dissociate as shown.

Figure 22-6. Formation, utilization, and excretion of ketone bodies. (The main pathway is indicated by the solid arrows.)...

Figure22-10. Regulation of long-chain fatty acid oxidation in the liver. (FFA, free fatty acids VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.) Positive ( ) and negative ( ) regulatory effects are represented by broken arrows and substrate flow by solid arrows.

Figure 31-3. Arginine, ornithine, and proline metabolism. Reactions with solid arrows all occur in mammalian tissues. Putrescine and spermine synthesis occurs in both mammals and bacteria. Arginine phosphate of invertebrate muscle functions as a phosphagen analogous to creatine phosphate of mammalian muscle (see Figure 31-6).

Figure 42-12. Structure of human proinsulin. Insulin and C-peptide molecules are connected at two sites by dipeptide links. An initial cleavage by a trypsin-like enzyme (open arrows) followed by several cleavages by a car-boxypeptidase-like enzyme (solid arrows) results in the production of the heterodimeric (AB) insulin molecule (light blue) and the C-peptide.

Figure 55. Two-dimensional coupled potential energy surfaces and the wavepacket motion, (a) Si — S2 surfaces and (b) Si — So surfaces. The black, gray, and white circles and dotted lines indicate the locations of the FC region. Si - S2 conical intersection minimum, 5MR Si — So conical intersection minimum, and seam lines, respectively. The solid arrows indicate the schematic wavepacket pathway in the case of natural photoisomerization starting from the vibrational ground state. Taken from Ref. [49].

A spontaneous Raman spectra is shown in Figure 2.8d in which the on- and off-resonant frequencies are indicated. The DNA bundles are observed at the resonant frequency, as shown in Figure 2.8a, while they cannot be seen at the off-resonant frequency in Figure 2.8b. This indicates that the observed contrast is dominated by the vibrationally resonant CARS signals. Figure 2.8c shows a cross-section of Figure 2.8a denoted by two solid arrows, which were acquired with a 5 nm step. The FWHM of... 

Figure 4.6 Block diagram of the apparatus for the fluorescence depolarization measurement. The dashed and solid arrows indicate the light paths ofthe excitation pulse and the fluorescence from the sample. OBJ microscope objective, M mirror, L lens, DM dichroic mirror, LP long-pass filter, PH pin-hole, PBS polarizing beam splitter, P polarizer, PMT photomultiplier.

Fig. 4.1. Schematic representation of three numbered steps in a MC simulation on a high coordination lattice (solid arrows) that replace a simulation of the fully atomistic system in continuous space (single dashed line)...

FIGURE 14.2 Phase distribution of organic contaminants in the vadose zone. The solid arrows in the three-and four-phase models represent the equilibria taken into consideration in the equations of Table 14.3. 

Although the development of determinants of any order can be made, as illustrated in Eq. (39), in the special case of matrices of third order there is another, often useful, method. It is shown in Fig. 1. The solid arrows, starting with elements an, aj2 and 013 pass through elements which form the products 021 32013 and 031023012 respectively. Similarly, following... 

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of long-distance radical cation migration in DNA. In AQ-DNA(l), irradiation of the anthraquinone group linked at the 5 -terminus leads to reaction at GG steps that are 27 A and 44 A from the site of charge injection. The amount of reaction observed at each guanine is represented approximately by the length of the solid arrow. In UAQ-DNA(2), irradiation of the anthraquinone leads to reaction at each of the eight GG steps. However, replacement of a G by 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-OxoG) introduces a deep trap that inhibits reaction at guanines on the same side of the DNA as the trap...

Scheme 1 Electronic states involved in the absorbtion bands in the region of the first singlet—triplet intersection for octahedral, tetragonal and trigonal complexes of nickel(II).336 Solid arrows denote spin-allowed absorbtion transitions, dotted arrows connect pairs of interacting levels. (reprinted with permission from ref. 336 1998, American Chemical Society).

Figure 5.6 Successful transformation of Aeromonas hydrophila raw spectra A acquired on day 27 to new locations a (relationship indicated with a dotted arrow) near an A. hydrophila day 1 library spectrum C using another day 27 bacterium, E. coli 1090 D as reference compared to its own day 1 E. coli 1090 Library spectrum L (relationship indicated with a solid arrow).

The impairment of heme synthesis by lead has a far-ranging impact not limited to the hematopoietic system. EPA (1986a) provided an overview of the known and potential consequences of the reduction of heme synthesis as shown in Figure 2-11. Well documented effects are indicated by solid arrows, and effects considered to be plausible further consequences of the impairment of heme synthesis are indicated by dashed arrows. Additional discussion is provided in the following sections on renal and neurological effects. More detailed information on the exposure levels or blood lead levels at which these impacts may be experienced was provided in Section 2.2 and the relevance to human health is discussed in Section 2.5. 

FIGURE 8.2 (a) Simplified energy-level scheme of a carotenoid molecule. The solid arrow represents the... 

Figure 4 Structure of UCS1025A 46 with COSY-defined spin systems (bold lines), selected NOSEY (dashed arrows), and HMBC (solid arrows) correlations.

Fig. 1.1 Multicompartmental model world, schematic overview. Dashed arrows denote sinks, solid arrows exchange processes.

Fig. 3 (a) Crystal structure of (DMET)2FeBr4. The dotted and dashed lines denote the intermo-lecular anion—anion and donor-anion contacts, respectively, (b) Fermi surfaces obtained for a donor layer around z = 1/2 using the tight-binding approximation. The solid arrow represents the nesting vector Q (a b )/2... 

Fig. 1. Schematic for /zSR and fiLCR experiments. For pSR the muon spin polarization vector starts off in the x direction (open arrow). It then precesses about an effective field (the vector sum of the external field and the internal hyperfine field), which is normally approximately the z direction. The muons are detected in the M counter, and positrons from muon decay are detected in the L or R counters. For pLCR, the muon spin polarization is initially along the external field or t axis (solid arrow). The positron rates in the F and B counters are measured as a function of external field. A sharp decrease in the asymmetry of the F and B counting rates signifies a level crossing.

Table 4.1. Various processes contributing to the spectral line broadening for local vibrations. Frequencies of collectivized local vibrations QK (solid arrows) are supposed to exceed phonon frequencies oiRq (dashed arrows) Ok > max oncq. For an extremely narrow band of local vibrations, diagrams A and B respectively refer to relaxation and dephasing processes, whereas diagrams C account for the case realizable only at the nonzero band width for local vibrations.

FIGURE 52-6 Biosynthesis/metabolism of steroids in the CNS. The conversion of delta5P to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) is postulated but not demonstrated. D5P and DHA inhibit and 3oc,5oc-THP potentiates GABAa receptor function, as summarized in Figure 52-7. Solid arrows indicate demonstrated pathways dotted arrows indicate possible pathways. Metabolic inhibitors of enzymes are indicated by . (Redrawn from [12], with permission.)... 

Fig. 9.12 Schematic representation of a charge-transfer interaction. The solid arrow illustrates n-electron transfer between the HOMO of the donor molecule (HOMOD) and the LUMO of the acceptor molecule (LUMOA). Dashed arrows indicate interactions between corresponding HOMO and LUMO of one molecule [18].

The symbols + and — denote stimulation or inhibition, respectively. Solid arrows ( >)... 

Figure 8.29 Reaction profiles for an uncatalysed reaction (upper single curve) and catalysed (curve with a double maximum). The two solid arrows represents a for the catalysed reactions note how 1 ( a for the first reaction step) is so much larger than the activation energy for the second step, 2 ...

Properties Connectors in which an observer is continually updated about any change in a named part of the state of the sender (shown with a solid arrow —> )... 

When we specify a component, we take for granted the underlying architecture—mechanisms for registration to receive an output and the like—and focus on a higher-level specification. Including outputs in a specification (marked output property , output event , and so on or the equivalent solid arrow notation) implies that all this is assumed. A component specification takes the form of a single type description but as always in Catalysis, it can be refined and implemented as a collection of objects. 

Pictorially, input and output properties can be shown with solid arrows, as distinguished from the open arrows of events. (The shadow emphasizes that this is a component—that is, something intended to be implemented according to a component architecture. But it s only for dramatic effect and can be omitted.)... 

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