Technology compliance

In the US EPA publication Small System Compliance Technology List for the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) and Total Coliform Rule (ICR) (September 1998), DE is a specifically approved filtration technology for compliance with the SWIR. In its comments the US EPA notes that DE is very effective for the removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium" (23). 

US EPA, Small System Compliance Technology List for the Surface Water Treatment Rule and Total Coliform Rule, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1998. 

In this world of technology, the patient should come before, not after, the technology. Technology by itself will not solve all the problems created by erratic compliance. Technology is a tool that can help healthcare professionals identify, track and potentially solve many of the issues created by partial and poor compliance. The patient will decide which type of intervention or what level of monitoring he/she wants to have. It will not be helpful to have the patient forced into a world that he/she does not understand. When all is said and done, the patient will have to perceive the value of available services, adopt one of them and adapt to it. 

K. Mori "Worldwide Trends in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Exhaust Emission Legislation and Compliance Technologies." SAE Paper 970753. 

Let s face it, if we can provide workers the same hearing experience in high noise as they enjoy in low noise, then there will be natural hearing protection compliance. Technology can effectively deliver this promise today. ... 

Air Pollution. Particulates and sulfur dioxide emissions from commercial oil shale operations would require proper control technology. Compliance monitoring carried out at the Unocal Parachute Creek Project for respirable particulates, oxides of nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide from 1986 to 1990 indicate a +99% reduction in sulfur emissions at the retort and shale oil upgrading faciUties. No violations for unauthorized air emissions were issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency during this time (62). 

In cases of all but intravenous adininistration, dosage forms must make the active moiety available for absorption, ie, for dmg release. This influences the bioavailabiUty and the dmg s pharmacokinetic profile. Ideally the dmg is made available to the blood for distribution and elimination at a rate equal to those processes. Through technological developments dmg product design can achieve release, absorption, and elimination rates resulting in durations of activity of 8—12 hours, ie, prolonged action/controlled release dmg products (21,22). Such products improve the compliance rate of dmg usage by patients. 

Electrotransport technology offers a number of benefits for therapeutic appHcations, including systemic or local adininistration of a wide variety of therapeutic agents with the potential adininistration of peptides and proteins long-term noninvasive administration, improving convenience and compliance controlled release, providing a desired deflvery profile over an extended period with rapid onset of efficacious plasma dmg levels and in some cases reduced side effects and a transport rate relatively independent of skin type or site. Additional benefits include easy inception and discontinuation of treatment, patterned and feedback-controlled deflvery, and avoidance of first-pass hepatic metaboHsm. 

Calibration Cahbration entails the adjustment of a measurement device so that the value from the measurement device agrees with the value from a standard. The International Standards Organization (ISO) has developed a number of standards specifically directed to cahbration of measurement devices. Furthermore, compliance with the ISO 9000 standards requires that the working standard used to cahbrate a measurement device must be traceable to an internationally recognized standard such as those maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 

The new Clean Air Act will result in a permanent 10 million ton reduction in sulfur dioxide (SOj) emissions from 1980 levels. To achieve this, EPA will allocate allowances of one ton of sulfur dioxide in two phases, The first phase, effective January 1, 1995, requires 110 powerplants to reduce their emissions to a level equivalent to the product of an emissions rate = (2,5 lbs of S02/mm Btu) x (the average mm Btu of their 1985-1987 fuel use). Plants that use certain control technologies to meet their Phase 1 reduction requirements may receive a two year extension of compliance until 1997. The new law also allows for a special allocation of 200,000 annual allowances per year each of the 5 years of Phase 1 to powerplants in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. 

Nationwide, plants that emit SO2 at a rate below 1.2 Ibs/mm Btu will be able to increase emissions by 20% between a baseline year and 2000. Bonus allowances will be distributed to accommodate growth by units in states with a statewide average below 0.8 Ibs/mm Btu. Plants experiencing increases in their utilization in the last five years also receive bonus allowances, 50,000 bonus allowances per year are allocated to plants in 10 mid western states that make reductions in Phase I. Plants that repower with a qualifying clean coal technology may receive a 4 year extension of the compliance date for Phase II emission limitations. 

Make no mistake about it - air pollution abatement, especially based upon end-of-pipe treatment technologies is expensive. Not too long ago the prevailing attitude among industry stakeholders was that air pollution control was simply a part of the cost of doing business, and that add-on costs associated with compliance simply had to be passed on to the consumer s purchase price for products. With the intensity of international competition in the chemical and allied industries, this philosophy simply does not cut it anymore. 

We should note that in a general sense, the objective of pollution abatement is compliance. Whether we apply conventional controls or P2, the intent is to develop corrective actions that largely focus on the lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) technologies, and only sometimes on best available control technologies (BACT),... 

The EPA argues that the cost of compliance to environmental regulations is small in comparison to baseline industry expenditures. However, there are many hidden costs that oftentimes are not considered when contemplating a control technology investment, and which can escalate and adversely impact on bottom-line economic performance. These so-called other costs include, but are not limited to ... 

W. R. Acorn. Code Compliance for Advanced Technology Facilities A Comprehensive Guide for Semiconductor and Other Hazardous Operations. Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications, 199.3. 

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