Bottom line

Figure B3.1.5. Probability (as a fimction of angle) for finding the seeond eleetron in He when both eleetrons are loeated at the maximum in the Is orbital s probability density. The bottom line is that obtained using a Hylleraas-type fiinetion, and the other related to a highly-eorrelated multieonfigurational wavefLinetion. After [22],...

Now Ictu.s see how the de.scriptor.s bcltavc under rotation of the entire molecule. 1 f the trans isomer used before is rotated by 1and the descriptors are calculated again, a value of (-1 is obtained two times (right-hand side, bottom line of Figure 2-88). 

Maintenance costs influence the bottom line of every balance sheet. As a result, maintenance managers can improve the entire faciHty by helping make sure that the planning and design of new constmction and renovation projects takes place with maintenance in mind (1). 

The effect of differential inflation on this project emerges in Fig. 9-35, with all (NPV)s corrected to their purchasing power in Year 0. The top line shows (NPV) for various rates of general inflation. The bottom line shows (NPV) for the differential-inflation case in which only the costs are allowed to increase while product selling price and thus cash income remain constant from year to year. The middle hne shows the effect of general inflation when the price rises are delayed by I year. The figure confirms that both of these situations take away from the attractiveness of the project. 

The results of a specific case study are shown in Fig. 26-49. This depicts the change in inbreathing volume flow rate as a function of time. The middle curve describes the case when the tank is filled with dry air that is, no condensation occurs. When the air is saturated with water vapor at 55°C (131°F) and condensation occurs, the top curve is obtainea. The bottom line represents the volume flow rate brought about by thermal contraction alone, not including the amount condensed. Because of the heat of condensation released, this fraction is less than the volume flow rate without condensation, but this effect is more than compensated for by the additional volume flow rate due to condensation. 

The height (we may consider it from the bottom line) of the indicating instruments such as a voltmeter and an ammeter, which the operator may have to read often, is also recommended to be no higher than 2000 mm or less than 300 mm from ground level. 

Absolute risk estimates can be difficult to use when there is no apparent human experience against which to calibrate them. By definition, there never exists enough experience about catastrophic rare events (fortunately) with which to calibrate the thinking about their significance. If there were enough data, you would not have elected to do the QRA in the first place. So, now thatyou have a bottom line estimate... 

Perry, Pam, ed. The Bottom Line How to Build a Business Case for ISO 14001. Boca Raton, Fla. CRC Press-St. Lucie Press, 1999. - Based on the experiences and data of companies that have implemented ISO 14001. 

The EPA argues that the cost of compliance to environmental regulations is small in comparison to baseline industry expenditures. However, there are many hidden costs that oftentimes are not considered when contemplating a control technology investment, and which can escalate and adversely impact on bottom-line economic performance. These so-called other costs include, but are not limited to ... 

Let s consider some of the important cost factors of a JHA. These methods can help to improve job procedures and can help to reduce costs that result from absenteeism and workers compensation claims, as well as hidden costs that are usually overlooked. These hidden costs include management time for investigation lost time for other workers who experience some level of trauma hiring and training temporary workers bad publicity, poor product quality, employee morale OSHA citation/fines, court costs, and so on. Reduction of these costs can lead to increased productivity and improved cost to the bottom line. 

In addition to budgetary constraints, safety people have a tendency to want to place workers in a bubble. If the authors are just a bit unsure of what will be encountered, they tend to overcompensate with PPE. These types of plans typically do not include downgrade statements, but they will allow workers to upgrade without approval. In order to downgrade, the plan usually requires workers to get numerous persons approvals in writing or go through a formal amendment process. Although amendments to plans have been made, folks are reluctant to do so for a variety of reasons. The bottom line is, no amendments are made, the PPE levels remain the same, and workers are forced to work in levels of protection that are not warranted. 

We all hear that composite materials are very expensive, but you have seen in Chapter 1 that, one, material cost is coming down, and, two, composite structures can be less expensive to manufacture than metal structures. An effective structure can be created with an even more-expensive raw material than metals by using less-expensive manufacturing processes. The bottom line is that the initial cost of the structure can in some cases be lower for a composite material than for a metal. Generally, the life-cycle cost of a composite structure is lower than that of a metal structure. 

This space truss is seemingly an unusual example, but space is now a part of our everyday lives. Thus, there are many space examples in which you must expect to use composite materials because they are the least-expensive design solution. The raw material cost is not even close to the bottom-line cost. The raw material cost has something to do with the bottom line, but the ordering of material choices that you get based on raw material cost does not mean anything in comparison to the ordering of the actual bottom-line costs. 

How big is an atom or a molecule It should be fairly obvious that atoms and molecules do take up a definite amount of space. A gas can be compressed into a smaller volume but only so far. Liquids and solids cannot be easily compressed. While the individual molecules in a gas are widely separated and can be pushed into a much smaller volume, the molecules in a liquid or a solid are already close together and cannot be squeezed much further. The bottom line is that atoms and molecules require a certain amount of space. But how much ... 

Until recently, middle and corporate level management have ignored the impact of the maintenance operation on product quality, production costs and more importantly on bottom-line profit. The general opinion has been Maintenance is a necessary evil or Nothing can be done to improve maintenance costs . Perhaps these were true statements ten or twenty years ago. 

These few examples are only an introduction we li look at several of the major metabolic pathways in much more detail in Chapter 29. The bottom line is that you haven t seen the end of carbonyl-group chemistry. A solid grasp of carbonyl-group reactions is crucial to an understanding of biochemistry. 

What if the program does not lead to any bottom-line benefit, such as improvements in employee performance ... 

The numbers in parentheses correspond to 1 estimated standard deviation (esd), except those for the Cpf Cn ratio, which correspond to 3 esd. The values of n and m shown are the smallest integers for which the ratio (n + m)/n lies within the experimental error limits of the measured axial ratio < Fe-<=R — t + e. The c parameters in the bottom line refer to the supercells corresponding to the underlined (n + ro)/n values ... 

Select) allows the function to be picked the graph is automatically depicted together with a list of selected values. Drawing the mouse pointer slowly in a horizontal direction with the left button depressed activates an interpolation engine the coordinates are displayed on the bottom line of the list. Since the selected screen resolution (e.g., 800 x... 

Bottom line Whenever a solvent is indicated, you should look to see if it is one of the polar aprotic solvents listed above. If it is, it is a safe bet that the reaction is going to be Sn2. 

The bottom line is regiochemistry is only relevant when adding two dijferent groups across an unsymmetrical alkene. 

The bottom line is the stereochemistry is only relevant when the addition reaction involves the creation of two new stereocenters. 

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