Common repository

Many means for prolonging the sojourn of the antibiotic in the body and thereby reducing the frequency of injections have been explored. Probenecid blocks renal tubular secretion of penicilhn, but it is used rarely for this purpose. More commonly, repository preparations of penicillin G are employed. The two such compounds currently favored are penicillin G procaine (WyciUin, others) and penicillin G benzathine (BiciUin L-A, Permapen). Such agents release penicillin G slowly from the area in which they are injected... 

The conunon knowledge refers to industry standards and generally accepted supply chain management concepts. The common knowledge facilitates established mappings between concept definitions in repositories maintained by individual supply chain units, thus leading to easier establishment of the common repository used by the supply chain configuration system. 

Bernstein and Dayal (Bernstein and Dayal 1994) define a repository as shared database of information about engineered artifacts produced or used by an enterprise . Examples of such artifacts include software, documents, maps, information systems, and discrete manufactured components and systems (e.g., electronic circuits, airplanes, automobiles, industrial plants). Storing this information in a common repository has several benefits. Eirst, since the repository provides storage services, tool developers do not need to create tool-specific databases. Second, a common repository allows tools to share information so they can work together. 

In this subsection, we describe two typical EKB usage scenarios. Data Exchange Between Tools and Model Consistency Checking Across Tool Boundaries, and compare the usage of both a common repository approach and an EKB-based approach for each of the scenarios. 

Compound Registration. A common step in a chemical synthesis experiment is the reaction of one or more existing molecules to form a desired product. This necessitates selecting molecules from a chemical database or repository and registering the target molecule into that same chemical database or... 

Repeating for emphasis - not aU poorly water-soluble compounds are equally solubilized by DMSO. The greaseball compounds will be much better solubilized than the brickdust compounds. The most common range of compound in DMSO stock concentrations in compound storage repositories is 2-20 mM. At conferences, organizations employing 2mM compound in DMSO stock solutions report fewer solubility problems. The downside is that the lower stock concentrations are more Hmited in utility in some absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity assays that require higher compound concentration. 

Interface repository Component interfaces and their specifications must be defined in a common way so that they can be understood both by people and by other components. 

The replacement of timber products by nonrenewable materials is an unfortunate development, since it has been repeatedly shown that the use of timber does have associated environmental benefits compared with the use of nonrenewables (e.g. Marcea and Lau, 1992 Hillier and Murphy, 2000 Bowyer etal., 2003 Lippke etal., 2004). Timber has a lower embodied energy content (and hence a more favourable carbon emission profile) compared to most other building materials and can provide other benefits, such as improved thermal properties. It and the products made from it (in common with other renewable materials) can be used as a repository for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Wood is derived from a renewable resource, albeit potentially an exhaustible one unless it is managed correctly. Disposal of wood can be readily achieved with little environmental impact (subject to how the wood has been treated prior to disposal). 

Pharmaceutical companies house many hundreds of thousands to more than a million compounds in their corporate repositories. So as not to miss potentially interesting compounds in screening, a common strategy is to screen them all. ... 

The Medical Repository for 1802 stated that at Dennis, in the county of Barnstable [Massachusetts], common salt is crystallized from ocean water, without culinary heat or boiling, in considerable quantity. The amount is stated at 20,000 bushels a year of domestic sea salt. This is estimated at one-fifth of the quantity consumed in the Cape Cod fishery annually (39). 

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid is the repository of hereditary characteristics. The most commonly described form of DNA is the double-stranded form, arranged as a helix. Chromosomes are composed of double-stranded DNA. So called DNA fingerprinting offers a basis for evaluating the probability that blood, hair, semen or tissue samples originate from a given person, and thus offers a forensic tool as well as a means to determine lineages of humans and animals... 

Once this common thermodynamic framework is established for the solubility of U02 under nominally reducing conditions, we have to ascertain the most probable pathway for the oxidative alteration of U02 spent fuel in geological repository conditions. There is a large body of evidence on the processes involved in the oxidative alteration of natural uraninites and unirradiated U02. Long-term unsaturated tests performed by Wronckiewicz et al. (1992) on groundwater from Yucca Mountain (the so-called J-13 groundwater), indicated that the formation of schoepite, as described by process (20) and (21), occurs, but is a transient event and that the alteration proceeds towards the precipitation of... 

Exposure to toxicants from terrestrial sources is very common because of the intimate association between animals and plants that live on the land with soil. Modem agricultural practices call for the application of large quantities of herbicides and other pesticides to plants and soil residues of these substances may readily enter living organisms. Soil is the repository of a variety of air pollutants, especially airborne particles that settle onto soil. Improper disposal of industrial wastes and toxic substances washed from or blown off of hazardous waste sites has contributed to exposure of soil. 

Potentially there is another type of value to be gained from the information in company databases and other repositories. If the company cannot exploit a project in-house it has been common practice to license this technology to a competitor for a fee. This was often done in response to an approach from the competitor but Dow Chemical in the 1990s adopted a more structured approach to generating value from its technological knowledge base. 

Besides, radioactive cobalt is a common radionuclide in liquid wastes from nuclear facilities, and natural erionite is a good exchanger for 60Co2+. Studies carried out with this material reveal its possibilities in the elimination of radioactive cobalt from solutions [73], The exchange of 232Th4+ in natural clinoptilolite and mordenite from liquid solutions has also been studied [74], All these peculiarities of natural zeolites make it suitable to be exploited as natural barriers for the migration of radionuclides and, consequently, natural zeolite deposits can be potential sites for a radioactive waste repository [19]. These materials have also been employed for the removal of radionuclides from polluted areas in places where nuclear power station accidents have occurred or where... 

Based on the half-life and specific activity of commonly occurring isotopes in radioactive waste streams given in Table 17.2, each disposal site or repository of the treated waste has developed waste acceptance criteria (WAC). The WACs require that the treated waste pass certain test criteria, which vary from site to site depending on the nature of the waste stored. In a number of case studies discussed in this chapter, we will use these WACs to demonstrate compliance of the CBPC waste form. 

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