Commodity Price

About 85% of U.S. adipic acid production is used captively by the producer, almost totally ia the manufacture of nylon-6,6 (194). The remaining 15% is sold ia the merchant market for a large number of appHcations. These have been developed as a result of the large scale availabihty of this synthetic petrochemical commodity. Prices for 1960—1989 for standard resia-grade material have parahed raw material and energy costs (petroleum and natural gas)... 

If the product is essentially identical to that produced by other manufacturers, then the price is determined principally by the commodity market price. However, contract features such as guaranteed deHvery schedules can influence price. Examples of commodity pricing are petrochemicals, petroleum feedstocks, petroleum products, and primary metals. 

Althou a high current ratio is desirable, this may be achieved by having unnecessarily high inventories that bring no profit except when commodity prices are rising rapidly. The quick ratio is less misleading in this respect. 

Resource economics stresses that, to date, experience is that the conversion of unutilized resources to profitable ones has moved ahead of demand growth and resource commodity prices have fallen over time. Moreover, M. A. Adehiian s classic studies of petroleum supply development have shown that exploration is an ongoing effort to expand the potential for supply expansion. A backlog of developable prospects always exists. When profitable, the much more expensive development stage is undertaken. 

Today, in many parts of the world, despite handling precautions and possible health-related problems, it remains the product of choice for high-pressure (say, over 950-1,250 psig) utility boiler plants because of its low FW requirements and low commodity price. 

Other Climate Indicators Commodities, Prices. Wages... 

It is apparent that the need for a secure supply of mineral commodities is currently driving some countries, and forward-thinking companies, to continue to acquire, prospect for, evaluate, and enter into feasibility studies of, potential near-term mining properties. In some cases, properties are being prepared for immediate production by either completing construction of mining infrastructure or by expansion of existing mine and mill capacities. The idea is to have a property ready to increase production or to be put into production when commodity prices rebound, and to do so more quickly than... 

Abstract strong commodity prices in the last few years have led to a remarkable renaissance of uranium exploration in Labrador, focused in a complex and geologically diverse region known as the Central Mineral Belt (CMB). Potentially economic epigenetic U deposits are mostly hosted by supracrustal rocks of Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic age, and are difficult to place in the traditional pantheon of uranium deposit types. Recent exploration work implies that structural controls are important in some examples, but the relationships between mineralization and deformation remain far from clear. Geochronological data imply at least three periods of uranium mineralization between 1900 and 1650 Ma. It seems likely that the Labrador CMB represents a region in which U (and other lithophile elements) were repeatedly and sequentially concentrated by hydrothermal processes. The current exploration boom lends impetus for systematic research studies that may ultimately lead to refined genetic models that may be applicable elsewhere. 

The increased interest in Mo and W due to commodity price increases since 2006 has created a need for a synthesis of information on known deposits and potential exploration environments within the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. This review is drawn from the historical database of exploration and scientific studies, but it also provides some essential geological information concerning recent exploration developments in Newfoundland. Further information is provided in a recent article by Kerr et al. (2009). Molybdenum mineralization also occurs in Precambrian granites in Labrador, but these deposits presently lie within Inuit lands that are... 

Commodity prices, therefore, will be realized only several decades after the introduction of a novel excipient and only when the bulk is generic and/or when there are other excipients that are interchangeable for the function the excipient... 

Figure 2. Comparison of Tetraethyllead Price with Commodity Price Index for Chemicals and Allied Products...

The most popular method of silver recovery is electrolytic deposition. In an electrolytic recovery unit, a low voltage direct current is created between a carbon anode and stainless steel cathode. Metallic silver plates onto the cathode. Once the silver is removed, the fixing bath may be able to be reused in the photographic development process by mixing the desilvered solution with fresh solution. Recovered silver is worth about 80% of its commodity price. Used silver films also constitute a significant quantity of waste. The film can be sold for silver recovery to many small recyclers. 

The Australian domestic nitric acid market was found to suffer from cyclical variations, with seasonal highs and lows each year. This fluctuation is attributed to the major acid consumers (fertilizer and explosives manufacturers) being susceptible to seasonal variations in demand, and to the level of world commodity prices. However, the overall trend has been for 3% annual growth. Current Australian production is 200 000 tonnes each year (100% acid basis). Exports from and imports into Australia are virtually non-existent. A protective barrier in the form of high shipping costs, has in the past effectively closed the domestic market. 

As highlighted in Section 2.3.2, the major proportion of all nitric acid produced in Australia is used for the production of ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate is in turn used in the agricultural industry as a fertilizer and in the mining industry as an explosive. Both of these areas have shown large demand fluctuations over the last decade. The collapse of world commodity prices, the expansion and recent decline of the agricultural sector for overseas markets, and seasonal weather variations have all had a significant impact. 

Commodity Prices , Chemical Marketing Reporter, 8 September (1986). 

World Commodity Prices , Process Economics International, Volume VI, Numbers 3 and 4 (1986). 

We note that both approaches fail to address an aspect that is typically present in commodity price data they are autocorrelated. If forward prices and C02 prices are not cointegrated, then error terms under both estimations might not converge. The typical response is to run an estimation using the first differences. This is typically a successful approach in the case of non-cointegrated AR(1) processes (but does not have the quick convergence properties that otherwise characterize estimations using levels). 

Shaw s estimating organisation used their FACES system, which is regularly updated from purchase order data. However, a significant factor in the results of the study come from the timing of the cost estimating, which was mid-2008, at the time commodity prices and other factors in the cost calculations were at recent peaks. 

Pesticide sales are cyclical because they depend on the weather and on commodity prices. 

Table 1.7 Some commodity prices Financial Times, 3 August 2004)...

Global Commodity prices, political pressure from other countries Climate changes, particularly of rainfall patterns (e.g. El Nino)... 

Industrial chemical literature. Sources of supply for a commodity price trade-name equivalent geographic location of manufacturers. 

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