Secure supplies

Electric utihties are therefore expected to build new power plants or to extend the Hves of existing, older ones. Ready availabiUty, secure supply, and low price are expected to make coal the fuel of choice for most of the new baseload generating capacity. 

There is a secure supply of the necessary materials and components. 

The standard approach for a secure supply system is to provide duplicated transformer supplies to a switchboard with each transformer rated to carry the total switchboard load. Both transformers are operated in parallel, and the loss of single incoming supply will not therefore affect the supply to the load feeders. With this configuration the... 

Hydrogen has a unique role in a secure energy future for the United States. The U.S. could be energy self-sufficient with hydrogen, ensuring our national stability from an energy security, supply, and economic perspective. 

Fuel Feedstock availability Supply security/ supply potential Handling Volumetric energy density... 

The Oil Crisis. Up to 1973, polystyrene consumption grew unchecked. A seemingly secure supply of inexpensive materials continuously opened up new applications and growing markets for this versatile and inexpensive material. However, the situation changed in 1973, when it was found that crude oil supplies were not limitless and subject to political manipulations. 

It is apparent that the need for a secure supply of mineral commodities is currently driving some countries, and forward-thinking companies, to continue to acquire, prospect for, evaluate, and enter into feasibility studies of, potential near-term mining properties. In some cases, properties are being prepared for immediate production by either completing construction of mining infrastructure or by expansion of existing mine and mill capacities. The idea is to have a property ready to increase production or to be put into production when commodity prices rebound, and to do so more quickly than... 

As identified by EU, the use of "less secure" supplies lead the gas companies to be worried about any supply shortages, be it technical or political. 

This is partly a reflection of higher costs of production but the main explanation must lie in the historically small volumes traded. As new farms come on stream, this factor should diminish in importance. Nevertheless, a processor seeking to develop a product which will use any significant volume would do well to secure supplies well in advance. Even when such precautions are taken, however, disaster can still strike. Some of the more unusual ingredients may be produced by only one or two farmers, with potential consequences for continuity of supply. For example, a crop failure in 1999 led to a complete cessation of the supply of organic lupin flour, important in the production of gluten-free bread. 

The diversity and complexity deepened during the 1970s and 1980s as many companies moved downstream into specialty chemicals and other areas. Such an approach was essential for them to remain cost competitive. It allowed them to capture the benefits of physical integration - namely, a secure supply of feedstocks, convenient outlets for intermediate products, minimal logistics costs, and the optimal use of byproducts. Integration also helped to reduce problems in an environment where many raw material sources and product markets were controlled by a small number of players. 

To reduce their sourcing risks, European petrochemical companies may thus benefit from some degree of backward integration into olefines. Players with limited olefine production capacity are probably in the best possible position they can secure supplies while avoiding the temptation to undercut prices of downstream products during downturns. Players with an excess of olefines may be exposed to this temptation in order to maximize the capacity utilization of their olefine production, where fixed costs tend to be high. 

Limited use was made of underground storage during the Great War, mainly by the Ministry of Munitions to secure supplies of TNT and other bulk explosives, which were being supplied quicker than the shell-filling factories could consume them. 

One area of attention is the potential formation of a gas cartel similar to OPEC. Concern for maintaining a secure supply of reasonably priced natural gas, which until now has taken a back seat to its oil sister, will increasingly be viewed as a vital national interest. In the past, gas users have feared interruption in vital gas supplies for a variety of reasons such as contract disputes between Algeria and its customers (see Hayes, 2006), to political unrest in Indonesia (see von der Mehden and Lewis, 2006) to transit country risk such as Ukraine and Belarus for Russian exports (see Victor and Victor, 2006). In addition to supply interruption fears, major gas-consuming countries or regions worry that a key exporter such as Russia (to Europe) or group of exporters could exercise monopoly power to extract inflated rents for their product. 

Secure supply with raw Competing for food. Competition with Still a huge potential for... 

---