Colorado

Figure A3.5.3. The negative ion photoeleetron speetroineter used at the University of Colorado. The apparatus now eontains a UV-buildup eavity inside the vaeuiun system (not shown in this sketeh).

The author is grateful for discussions with D. E. Manolopoulos. The hospitality of the Joint Institute for Astrophysics at the University of Colorado during the final preparation of the manuscript is gratefully acknowledged. 

Originally, radium was obtained from the rich pitchblende ore found in Joachimsthal, Bohemia. The carnotite sands of Colorado furnish some radium, but richer ores are found in the Republic of Zaire and the Great Lake region of Canada. Radium is present in all uranium minerals, and could be extracted, if desired, from the extensive wastes of uranium processing. Large uranium deposits are located in Ontario, New Mexico, Utah, Australia, and elsewhere. 

Sidney Altman (Yale Univer sity) and Thomas Cech (University of Colorado) shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in chemistry for showing that RNAs could function as biological catalysts... 

The discovery of nbozymes (Section 28 11) in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Sidney Altman of Yale University and Thomas Cech of the University of Colorado placed the RNA World idea on a more solid footing Altman and Cech independently discovered that RNA can catalyze the formation and cleavage of phosphodiester bonds—exactly the kinds of bonds that unite individual ribonucleotides in RNA That plus the recent discovery that ribosomal RNA cat alyzes the addition of ammo acids to the growing peptide chain in protein biosynthesis takes care of the most serious deficiencies in the RNA World model by providing precedents for the catalysis of biologi cal processes by RNA... 

Although not an official name Four Corners sue cinctly describes where the virus was first discovered It IS the region where Arizona New Mexico Colorado and Utah meet... 

Pages 2,3, 4,5 Stamps are courtesy of James O Schreck Professor of Chemistry University of Northern Colorado... 

Another dynamic iastmment, the Scentometer, is the basis for odor regulations ia the states of Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Nevada, and Wyoming, and ia the District of Columbia (324). The portable Scentometer (Bameby-Cheney) can produce dilution ratios up to 128 1 ia the field. The Scentometer blends two air streams, one of which has been deodorized with activated carbon. The dilution ratio is decreased until the odor becomes detectable (325). Improvements to dynamic methods have been recommended (326). 

The unconventional reserves of natural gas occur principally in the form of recoverable methane from coal beds. As of 1991, reserves of coal bed methane totaled 8.6 EJ (8.2 x 10 Btu), principally in the states of Alabama, Colorado, and New Mexico (16). 

The TOSCOAL Process. The Oil Shale Corp. (TOSCO) piloted the low temperature carbonization of Wyoming subbituminous coals over a two-year period in its 23 t/d pilot plant at Rocky Falls, Colorado (149). The principal objective was the upgrading of the heating value in order to reduce transportation costs on a heating value basis. Hence, the soHd char product from the process represented 50 wt % of the starting coal but had 80% of its heating value. 

ARCO Chemical Co., Testimony to the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission on Proposed Regulation Mo. 13 (Oyygenate Mandate Program), Denver, Colo., June 4,1987. 

B. K. Schmid and D. M. Jackson, "The SRC-11 Process," paper presented at Third Annual International Conference on Coal Gasification and Eiquefaction. University of Pittsburgh, Aug. 3—5, 1976 D. M. Jackson and B. K. Schmid, "Production of Distillate Fuels by SRC-11," paper presented at ACS Div. of Ind. and Eng. Chem. Symposium, Colorado Spriags, Col., Feb. 12,1979. 

W. R. Eppedy and J. W. Taunton, "Exxon Donor Solvent Coal Liquefaction Process Development," paper presented at Coal Dilemma II ACS Meeting, Colorado Spriags, Colo., Feb. 12, 1979. 

Colony Development Operation, EnvironmentalImpact A.naljsisfor a Shale Oil Complex at Earachute Creek, Colorado, Vols. 1—3, Denver, Colo., 1974. 

In the United States, about 90% of gold production originates from ores and placer deposits. The remainder is recovered primarily as a by-product of the refining of base metals, chiefly copper. The principal gold producing states are Nevada (60%) and Califomia (10%) followed by Montana, Utah, S. Dakota, Washington, Colorado, Alaska, Idaho, Arizona, and New Mexico (7). 

R. V. Anthony, University of Colorado, Fort Collins, personal communication, 1993. 

Bacillus thuriengensis tenebrionis Colorado potato beetle... 

Most (88%) lead mined in the United States comes from eight mines in Missouri. The rest comes from 11 mines in Colorado, Idaho, Montana,... 

Colorado has a monthly mean. The OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) for lead is 50 at an action level (local authorities must investigate) of... 

The main growing areas for badey are North Dakota, Montana, eastern South Dakota, and western Minnesota six-row badey is predominant. Increasingly significant areas are California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Colorado, where predominandy two-row badey is produced. Less than one-half of the badey grown in the United States is processed by the malt industry the remainder is used as animal feed, and ca 80% of the badey used by the malting industry is the six-tow variety (2—5) (see Feeds and feed additives, pet foods). 

Eirst International Conference on the Chemistry and Uses of Molybdenum Reading University, Reading, U.K., 1973 S econd International Conference on the Chemistry and Uses of Molybdenum New College, Oxford, U.K., 1976 Third International Conference on the Chemistry and Uses of Molybdenum University of Michigan, 1979 Eourth International Conference on the Chemistry and Uses of Molybdenum Colorado School of Mines, 1982 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on the Chemistry and Uses of Molybdenum University of Newcasde-upon-Tyne, U.K., 1985, Polyhedron 5(1/2), (1986). 

Domestic. Estimates of U.S. uranium resources for reasonably assured resources, estimated additional resources, and speculative resources at costs of 80, 130, and 260/kg of uranium are given in Table 1 (18). These estimates include only conventional uranium resources, which principally include sandstone deposits of the Colorado Plateaus, the Wyoming basins, and the Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas. Marine phosphorite deposits in central Elorida, the western United States, and other areas contain low grade uranium having 30—150 ppm U that can be recovered as a by-product from wet-process phosphoric acid. Because of relatively low uranium prices, on the order of 20.67/kg U (19), in situ leach and by-product plants accounted for 76% of total uranium production in 1992 (20). 

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