Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado

Robson SG. 1981. Computer simulation of movement of DIMP-contaminated groundwater near the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado. ASTM Special Technical Publication 746 209-220. 

Chadwick, D., Jr., Ankeny, M.D., Greer, L.M., Mackey, C.V., and McClain, M., Field test of potential RCRA-equivalent covers at the rocky mountain arsenal, Colorado, Proceedings, North America s 4th... 

As of 1996, the U.S. Army had located 168 potential CWM burial sites at 63 locations in 31 states, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia. The universe of buried non-stockpile CWM includes several sites where large amounts of buried CWM are located—Redstone Arsenal, Alabama Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland and Deseret Chemical Depot, Utah. Medium to large amounts of buried CWM may exist at several other sites. 

From 1970 through 1976, the Army destroyed chemical weapons and agents by incineration and neutralization at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado. However, the neutralization technology proved to have several drawbacks, and the Army began searching for an alternative technology. In 1979, the Army built a prototype high-temperature baseline incineration facility at Tooele, Utah. 

Former Chemical Weapon Production Facilities Government-owned or contracted facilities used to (1) produce chemical agents, precursors for chemical agents, or other components for chemical weapons or (2) load or fill chemical weapons. These facilities are located at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland Newport Army Ammunition Plant, Indiana Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas and Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado. 

The original EDS-1 proved its worth in a series of field operations in the continental United States. The sites included Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado (10 GB bomblets) Camp Sibert, Alabama (one CG mortar round) and Spring Valley in Washington, D.C. (15 mustard agent HD artillery rounds). One EDS-1 and two EDS-2s have been used in the ongoing project to destroy 1,220 recovered chemical munitions at Pine Bluff Arsenal (PBA), Arkansas, as described below. To update the history of EDS units, operations since 2004 are tabulated in Table 3-6. 

Army Depot, Utah Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado and Redstone Arsenal, Alabama (U.S. Army, 1996). ... 

U.S. Army. 2001c. Emergency Destruction Plan for M139 Bomblets Filled with GB at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado, using die Explosive Destruction System (EDS). Product Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel, Aberdeen, Md. Final Revision 3, January 2001. 

At this writing, there have been two campaigns in which the EDS-1 was used to destroy actual chemical munitions one at Porton Down, United Kingdom, and one at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado. 

Harding Lawson Associates. 1994. Feasibility Study. Soils support program report Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado. Draft Final Version 2. 

NIOSH. 1981. Health hazard evaluation report HETA 81-176-968, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Basin F, Commerce City, Colorado. Cincinnati, OH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NTIS No. PB83-161257. 

Rocky Mountain Arsenal Superfund site, Colorado CVOCs 212,399 6.25 3,034.27... 

Based on pilot-scale studies at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Superfund site near Denver, Colorado, the vendor calculated cost estimates for a full-scale B.E.S.T. unit using two separate treatment scenarios. Scenario 1 involved treating 2,840,000 yd of contaminated soil over 7 years, and scenario 2 involved treating 616,900 yd of contaminated soil over 2 years. The vendor estimated the cost of full-scale treatment would be 119 per ton for scenario 1 and 133 for scenario 2 (D15906S, p. 101). 

In the communities surrounding the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, a Superfund site in Colorado, USA, pathways for exposure to arsenic were evaluated through analysis of residence history, occupation, hobbies, dietary habits, water supply, housing, and activity patterns (Reif et al., 1993). Children of Hispanic origin or non-Caucasian children who drank less than three glasses of water daily and children who spent more time outdoors had an increased risk of having more than 10 pg/1 of arsenic in their urine (Reif et al., 1993). 

Lewisite was produced in limited quantity at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) near Commerce City, Colorado, and was stored only at the Deseret Chemical Depot, near Tooele, Utah (US Army, 1988). Arsenic is present in soil at the RMA as a consequence of lewisite manufacture, as well as from later commercial manufacture of insecticides and herbicides (Corwin el al., 1999). 

Hamilton Army Air Field Rio Vista Res Trng Area U.S. Army Operations Fitzsimons Buckley Ang Base, CO Bennett Arng Trng Site Fort Carson Mta, CO Gypsum, CO Colorado Springs, CO Watkin Armory, CO Pueblo Chemical Depot Rocky Mountain Arsenal Carson... 

Colorado—VIII Rocky Mountain Arsenal GB, mustard, CG, VX... 

Between November 1999 and November 2000, the EDS Phase 1 (EDS -1) was tested at a military installation at Porton Down in the United Kingdom. In early 2001, it was used in an emergency action to dispose of six bomblets containing the nerve agent sarin at Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) in Colorado. Subsequently, four more bomblets were discovered during remediation of the same area at RMA. At this writing, the EDS-1 had been dispatched to dispose of these also. As a result of the success of these operations, the decision was made to discontinue development of the MMD, another mobile system that used the same process chemistry as the EDS to destroy chemical agent but that was both more complex and less versatile than the EDS. 

Hazardous wastes from military operations represent potential contaminants of air, water, and soil. For example, groundwater was contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE), a probable human carcinogen, and other toxins at the Otis Air Force Base in Massachusetts 125 chemicals were dumped over 30 years at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal in Colorado and benzene, a definite human carcinogen, was found in extremely high concentrations at the McChord Air Force Base in the State of Washington [20]. 

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