Desalination cogeneration

A feasibility study has been initiated by the IAEA to investigate the application of the HTGR for cogeneration purposes of CO2 conversion, desalination, and H2 production in terms of economy zmd technology [17]. 

Mitenkov F., Polunihev V. — "Small nuclear heat and power cogeneration stations and water desalination complexes on the basic of marine reactor plants" Nuclear Engineering and Design, 173 (1997) 183-191,... 

Originally, the purpose of the heating reactor is to supply heat for Buildings in cities. Now we want to extended its application to propulsion, heat-electro-cogeneration, sea water desalination and refrigeration (for air condition) etc. 

Heat and power cogeneration (for sea water desalination and propulsion) will improve the economic features of the reactor. 

A Floating Desalination/Cogeneration System Using The KLT-40 Reactor AND Canadian RO Desalination Technology... 

The Floating Nuclear Seawater Desalination/Cogeneration Complex... 

The design and industrial enterprises of Russia are working on the development of the floating nuclear power station for the country s northern regions. This can serve as a prototype for application of the FNPS in a desalination/cogeneration complex. 

The efficiency of seawater desalination plants is low, 10—25% as compared with the efficiency of other major industrial plants [7]. For example, the efficiency of cogeneration power generating plants is 50%. The efficiency of small desalination plants such as used on ships is in the low range. The energy consumption of the wind-powered 140,000 m /day SWRO plant in Perth is 3.56 kWh/m [38]. Using the same feed and outlet conditions, the minimum work consumed is 0.951 kWh/m. Hence, the second law efficiency of the plant is about 26.7% [7]. The SWRO plant efficiency would increase if the plant energy consumption of2.2 kWh/m is achieved [5]. Alternate SWRO plant and system designs... 

Systems containing fissile or radioactive materials (generic) Power plants used for cogeneration, heat generation or desalination... 

Figure 8 indicates that villages of 1000 require a plant in the range of 2 to 5 MW(e) towns of 50 000 require 35 to 40 MW(e). Cogeneration missions for district heating, desalination or low temperature process heat are often required. 

First, for supporting the work camp population, the requirement is for only a few MW(e) of power and often may include cogeneration of district heat or seawater desalination (see Fig. 8). 

Except for the BN GT 300 (17), all sodium and lead-bismuth cooled reactor concepts use a Rankine superheated steam cycle, and a number of them provide options for the extraction turbines to support seawater desalination, district heating, or process heat cogeneration. The BN GT 300 (17) uses a gas-turbine cycle. 

As it was already mentioned, it is possible to use floating power units with the VBER-150 reactor installations as cogeneration plants for power generation and seawater desalination. 

A power and desalination complex (a cogeneration plant) based on a distillation desalinating plant (DDP) includes the reactor installation the extraction turbine the intermediate loop and the desalination plant (see Fig. IV-11). Heat and part of the electric power generated by the floating power unit are used for desalination the rest of the electric power is supplied to the consumers. 

As it was already mentioned, it is possible to use floating power units with the KLT-20 as part of a cogeneration plant for power generation and seawater desalination (similar to the floating power unit with the KLT-40S reactor installation [VI-3, VI-8, and VI-9]). A possible way to couple the reactor installation of a floating power unit with the desalination plant is described in ANNEX IV, using an example of the VBER-150 reactor installation. 

The FBNR can operate within a cogeneration plant producing both electricity and desalinated water. A Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) plant may be used for water desalination. An estimated 1000 m /day of potable water could be produced at 1 MW(e) reduction of the electric power. 

At this design stage, the systems for non-electric applications of the MBRU-12 were not considered in detail. Experience in the design of relevant systems for close parameters in the steam-water circuit (e.g., for the BN-350) makes it possible to conclude that the MBRU-12 could be adjusted for a cogeneration with seawater desalination and/ or district heating without any design-specific problems [XVI-3]. 

OKBM Russia Testing, desalination and district heating cogeneration... 

HUMPHRIES J., DAVIES K., The floating desalination / cogeneration system using the KLT-40 reactor and Canadian RO desalination technology. Propulsion Reactor Technology for Civilian Applications. IAEA-AG-1021, IWGFR/97, p.43-56. 

A combination of nuclear power reactor and seawater desalination plant could be realized in a more economical way, since the higher is the temperature and pressure of steam used in a turbine, the lower is the cost of electricity produced. On the other hand, steam at low temperature and pressure is needed for fractional desalination, and the greater part of inputted heat is the latent heat of steam. Therefore, the power production and desalination systems may be advantageously combined. A 100 MWe FBNR when realized within a cogeneration plant for the production of both power and potable water could produce 70 MWe of electricity and... 

Special features - Floating, e.g., barge-mounted NPPs or - Land based cogeneration plants - Increase of capacity by increasing the number of primary system loops (two- or three-loop NPP layout) Nuclear desalination complex using the afloat constmction technology is considered... 

Applications - Electricity generation - Cogeneration, including high temperature process heat for hydrogen production and process steam and low temperature heat for seawater desalination and district heating Electricity production only... 

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