Desalination Complexity

According to the XRD-data this mineral is very close to the dioctahedral Fe-Mg chlorites present in the cement of sandstones from the desalinized complex. 

Co-generation stations are considered for deployment in the extreme north of Russia. Nuclear floating desalination complexes can be used for drinkable water production in coastal regions. 

The application of progressive solutions for constmctional and technological provisions, continuous perfection of safety systems with an Account of iqpdated regulatory requirements for nuclear safety, and improvement of equipment items on the basis of operational experience feedbacks give grounds to recommend the propulsion nuclear reactors as advanced heat sources for co-generation power stations and sea vrater desalination complexes [2]. 

Creation of floating power-desalination complexes is another prospective application of the propulsion reactor plants. It is a fact that drinkable water production has become an acute problem for many regions of the world, e.g.. North Afiica, the Near East, India etc. Drinkable water is also expensive in northern regions of Russia. 

Among a number of different projects, IAEA is considering floating power desalination complexes, in particular those with tiie marine nuclear reactor plant of KLT-40 type and desalination facilities of distillation and reverse-osmosis types. The appropriate distillation facilities in Russia are designed by the Sverd Nil ChimMash Institute (Ecaterinburg), while reverse-osmosis facilities are produced in particular by the Canadian firm "Candesal Inc". 

In 1995 Memorandum on mutual understanding in the development of a desalination complex was signed by "Candesal Inc." and MinAtom of Russia (it was prolonged in 1997). By present a draft prospect on joint power-desalination complex is prepared [3]. 

The KLT-40 NSSSs are still attractive for fast realization in new icebreakers, cargo vessels, floating heat and power co-generation stations and power desalination complexes. 

Mitenkov F., Polunihev V. — "Small nuclear heat and power cogeneration stations and water desalination complexes on the basic of marine reactor plants" Nuclear Engineering and Design, 173 (1997) 183-191,... 

In 1995-1996 under the auspices of IAEA an options identification programmer for demonstration of nuclear desalination was completed. As regards small-scale reactors (100-200MW (heat)) for co-generation it was recommended that the power generating desalination complex on the basis of KLT-40C reactors proposed by Russia should be... 

A power and desalination complex (a cogeneration plant) based on a distillation desalinating plant (DDP) includes the reactor installation the extraction turbine the intermediate loop and the desalination plant (see Fig. IV-11). Heat and part of the electric power generated by the floating power unit are used for desalination the rest of the electric power is supplied to the consumers. 

The floating NPP can be designed as a power-desalination complex, enlarging the number of potential customer countries as the shortage of fresh potable water throughout the world becomes more acute. 

V-2] PANOV, Yu.K., FADEEV, Yu.P., BARANEAEV, Yu.D., The water desalination complex based on the ABV-type reactor plant, Floating Nuclear Energy Plants for Seawater Desalination, IAEA-TECDOC-940, pp. 23-28, Vienna (1995). 

The KLT-20 is a small power source for floating NPPs and power desalinating complexes. Possible applications are the following ... 

VI-2] MITENKOV, F.M., PANOV, YU.K., POLUNICHEV, V.I., BELIAEV, V.M., The KLT-40S reactor system for the floating unit of the thermal power plant. The Strategy of Nuclear Power Development in Russia and Countries of the Asian-Pacific Basin (Paper presented at the scientific and technical conf, Moscow, 1998). [VI-3] MITENKOV, F.M., POLUNICHEV, V.I., Small nuclear heat and power co-generation stations and water desalination complexes on the basis of marine reactor plants, Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol.173, Nos. 1-3, pp. 183-191 (1997). 

VI-9] POLUNICHEV, V.I., Prospects for the utilization of small nuclear plants for civil ships, floating heat power stations and power seawater desalination complexes. Status of Non-electric Nuclear Heat Applications Technology and Safety, IAEA-TECDOC-1184, Vienna 2000. 

RIT (Russian Federation) 161 42 80,000 Up to no 2008 Preliminary design Yes Floating or land based nuclear desalination complex. 

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF INTEGRAL REACTOR (RIT) FOR FLOATING POWER AND DESALINATION COMPLEX... 

In recent years OKBM in cooperation with Russian enterprises under the leadership of the State Scientific Centre of the Russian Federation IPPE (Obninsk, the Russian Federation) has carried out multi-variant conceptual design studies of floating nuclear power and desalination complex (FNPDC). Options considered for FPNDC were different in the number and types of reactor and turbine plants, desalination plants and their interface circuits. The Design Bureau Lazurit (Russia) has developed one of the most prospective options for FPNDC. It is based on an integral reactor design RIT. 

Floating power unit may be used as part of desalination complex, which can considerably increase the number of countries interested in the development of this technology ... 

MITENKOV F.M., POLUNICHEV V.I., Small nuclear heat and power co-generation stations and water desalination complexes on the basis of marine reactor plants. Nuclear Engineering and Design No.l73 (1997), p.183-191. 

AVERBAKH B.A., et al.. Small floating power unit and desalination complex on the basis of modernized marine-type reactor installations. World Nuclear Association (Proc. Spring Symposium, Moscow, May 2003, in Russian). 

Special features - Floating, e.g., barge-mounted NPPs or - Land based cogeneration plants - Increase of capacity by increasing the number of primary system loops (two- or three-loop NPP layout) Nuclear desalination complex using the afloat constmction technology is considered... 

The VBER-300 reactor is a small-to-medium power source for land-based NPPs and cogeneration plants as well as for floating NPPs and desalination complexes. The applications are ... 

Floating NPPs can be configured as power sources for desalination complexes, that considerably enlarges the number of potential customers-states as the shortage of potable water becomes more acute in many regions of the world, and... 

FIG. VII-15. Principal flow diagram of the power-desalination complex with a condensing turbine and a reverse osmosis desalination plant... 

A power-desalination complex includes the reactor, the condensing turbine, the condenser and a reverse osmosis plant (Fig. VII-15). Electric coupling is used between the reactor and the reverse osmosis plant. Electric power generated at the complex is partially supplied to the reverse osmosis plant and the excess power is supplied to coastal consumers. 

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